Chemistry In Context
9th Edition
ISBN: 9781259638145
Author: Fahlman, Bradley D., Purvis-roberts, Kathleen, Kirk, John S., Bentley, Anne K., Daubenmire, Patrick L., ELLIS, Jamie P., Mury, Michael T., American Chemical Society
Publisher: Mcgraw-hill Education,
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Question
Chapter 12, Problem 44Q
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation:
Reason for why thalidomide was banned and FDA rejected the approval of marketing of this drug in US several times until recently and the purpose of approval of using thalidomide has to be explained.
Concept introduction:
Drugs: Drugs are molecules which are taken from an external source to change the normal functioning of the body. The action of drug is in molecular level and the design of many drugs are in such a way that it mimics a particular neurotransmitter or hormone. Drugs bind with receptors showing an increased or decreased effect.
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionStudents have asked these similar questions
Based on a grade 11 chemistry student, answer the following question based on the provided tables:
Part G: Final Identification of the Poison
By this time, Tylenol has been pulled off the shelves at all of the stores in the area and a nationwide recall has been announced. Several suspicious capsules have been found and tested.
The contents of the capsules contain a compound with a nitrogen content of greater than 15% and a carbon content of less than 50%.
What is the poison in the capsule? Provide calculations to support your answer.
The discovery of green fluorescent protein (GFP) in the bioluminescent jellyfish Aequorea victoria earned the Nobel Prize in chemistry in 2008. Briefly describe an important application of GFP.
Chlorocyclopentadiene does not ionize
easily in solution. It will ionize only when
treated with a very strong Lewis acid
such as antimony pentafluoride (SBF3).
The product was found by electron
paramagnetic resonance (epr) studies to
have two unpaired electrons. Draw the
structure formed when this molecule
ionizes. Include all lone pairs in your
structure. Ignore inorganic byproducts.
H20, SbFs
Chapter 12 Solutions
Chemistry In Context
Ch. 12.1 - Skill Building Finding Equilibrium Glucose and...Ch. 12.1 - Prob. 12.3YTCh. 12.1 - Prob. 12.4YTCh. 12.2 - Prob. 12.5YTCh. 12.2 - Prob. 12.6YTCh. 12.2 - A practicing scientist must Judge a potential...Ch. 12.3 - Prob. 12.8YTCh. 12.3 - Skill Building Checking on Carbon a. Examine the...Ch. 12.3 - Prob. 12.10YTCh. 12.3 - Prob. 12.11YT
Ch. 12.3 - Prob. 12.12YTCh. 12.4 - Prob. 12.13YTCh. 12.4 - Skill Building Functional Groups in Dopamine Draw...Ch. 12.4 - Prob. 12.15YTCh. 12.5 - Prob. 12.16YTCh. 12.5 - Prob. 12.17YTCh. 12.6 - Prob. 12.18YTCh. 12.6 - Prob. 12.19YTCh. 12.6 - The structures of proteins, such as the ones shown...Ch. 12.7 - Reconsider your work in past chapters. List three...Ch. 12.7 - Prob. 12.22YTCh. 12.7 - Prob. 12.23YTCh. 12.8 - Prob. 12.24YTCh. 12.8 - Prob. 12.25YTCh. 12.9 - Skill Building Ester Formation Draw structural...Ch. 12.9 - Prob. 12.27YTCh. 12.9 - You Decide Supersize My Aspirin A friend who...Ch. 12.9 - Modern methods of drug discovery involve...Ch. 12.10 - Make two lists of drugs for each of the two...Ch. 12.10 - See for yourself the shapes of drug molecules by...Ch. 12.10 - Prob. 12.33YTCh. 12.10 - Prob. 12.34YTCh. 12 - Scientific Practices Follow the Hormone Using the...Ch. 12 - The field of chemistry has many sub-disciplines....Ch. 12 - Prob. 2QCh. 12 - Prob. 4QCh. 12 - Nitrous acid (HNO2) has a Ka value of 4.0 10 4,...Ch. 12 - Use the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation and Table...Ch. 12 - Write the structural formula and line-angle...Ch. 12 - Prob. 8QCh. 12 - Prob. 9QCh. 12 - Prob. 10QCh. 12 - Prob. 11QCh. 12 - Prob. 12QCh. 12 - Estradiol is relatively insoluble in water but...Ch. 12 - Prob. 14QCh. 12 - Prob. 15QCh. 12 - Prob. 16QCh. 12 - Define and relate the two terms: hormone and...Ch. 12 - Refer to Figure 11.17. Select two examples of...Ch. 12 - Prob. 19QCh. 12 - Molecules as diverse as cholesterol, sex hormones,...Ch. 12 - Prob. 21QCh. 12 - Prob. 22QCh. 12 - Prob. 23QCh. 12 - Sulfanilamide is the simplest sulfa drug, a type...Ch. 12 - Explain why an equilibrium constant cannot tell...Ch. 12 - Use the information in Table 12.1 to redraw Figure...Ch. 12 - Draw structural formulas for each of these...Ch. 12 - In Your Turn 12.12, you were asked to draw...Ch. 12 - Prob. 29QCh. 12 - Prob. 30QCh. 12 - Prob. 31QCh. 12 - Prob. 32QCh. 12 - Prob. 34QCh. 12 - Prob. 35QCh. 12 - Prob. 36QCh. 12 - Prob. 37QCh. 12 - Prob. 38QCh. 12 - The text states that some racemic mixtures contain...Ch. 12 - Prob. 40QCh. 12 - Prob. 41QCh. 12 - Prob. 44QCh. 12 - Prob. 47QCh. 12 - Prob. 49QCh. 12 - Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin first determined the...Ch. 12 - Prob. 52Q
Knowledge Booster
Similar questions
- Explain why casein precipitates when vinegar is added. Why was milk or raw egg once used as an antidote in cases of heavy metal poisoning? Based on your isolated yield of casein, how many grams of the protein are in one 200 g glass of milk? Which of the solutions contained amide bonds? Which test tells you this? Which of the solutions contained compounds with primary amino groups? Which test tells you this? Describe two examples of protein folding patterns and identify what level of protein structure they belong to. What other reagents might you use besides ferric chloride to test affinity for metal ions?arrow_forwardSome drugs have chiral carbon atoms and so can exist as two optical isomers. There are well documented examples of this causing problems. Write on one such drug, including: name and formula of drug draw diagrams to show the two optical isomers for what condition was this drug prescribed, and was it effective? what side-effects did this drug produce? what lessons can be learned from this? is this drug still used for anything today?arrow_forwardIn an advanced analytical chemistry lab, a team analyzing a compound 'Q' known to be a structural isomer of octane (C8H18). To determine the specific structure of 'Q', a series of spectroscopic analyses are performed. The sequence of the analysis involves: Infrared (IR) spectroscopy, which indicates the absence of functional groups like alcohols, ketones, and carboxylic acids. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, showing signals indicative of only methyl and methylene groups, with no evidence of methine (CH) or quaternary carbon environments. Mass spectrometry (MS), revealing a fragmentation pattern consistent with branched alkane structures. Based on this sequence of analyses, what is the most likely structure of compound 'Q'? Options: A. 2,2,4- Trimethylpentane B. n-Octane C. 2-Methylheptane D. 3-Ethylhexane Don't use chatgpt please provide valuable answerarrow_forward
- You ask the individual if they are taking any non-prescription drugs. They tell you they recently started taking a coenzyme Q10 supplement based on a recommendation from a friend. The structure of coenzyme Q10 is shown below. Looking at the structure of the molecule, which one of the 4 major classes of macromolecules (carbohydrate, lipid, proteins or nucleotides) does it most closely resemble? Be sure to include specific chemical characteristics that support this decision.arrow_forwardIn a time-resolved picosecond spectroscopy experiment, Sheps, Crowther, Carrier, and Crim (Journal of Physical Chemistry A, Vol. 110, 2006; pp. 30873092) generated chlorine atoms in the presence of pentane. The pentane was dissolved in dichloromethane, CH2C12. The chlorine atoms are free radicals and are very reactive. After a nanosecond the chlorine atoms have reacted with pentane molecules, removing a hydrogen atom to form HCl and leaving behind a pentane radical with a single unpaired electron. The equation is Cl (dcm) + C5H12(dcm) HCl(dcm) + C5H11 (dcm) where (dcm) indicates that a substance is dissolved in dichloromethane. Measurements of the concentration of chlorine atoms were made as a function of time at three different concentrations of pentane in the dichloromethane. These results are shown in the table. (a) Determine the order of the reaction with respect to chlorine. (b) Determine whether the reaction rate depends on the concentration of pentane in dichloromethane. If so, determine the order of the reaction with respect to pentane. (c) Explain why the concentration of pentane in dichloromethane does not affect the data analysis that you performed in part (a). (d) Write the rate law for the reaction and calculate the rate of reaction for a concentration of chlorine atoms equal to 1.0 M and a pentane concentration of 0.23 M. (e) Sheps, Crowther, Carrier, and Crim found that the rate of formation of HCl matched the rate of disappearance of Cl. From this they concluded that there were no intermediates and side reactions were not important. Explain the basis for this conclusion.arrow_forward22-62 Distinguish between intermolecular and intramolecular hydrogen bonding between backbone groups. Where in protein structures do you find one, and where do you find the other?arrow_forward
- 1.What makes ionic bonds different from covalent bonds? Explain with respect to the bond formation between MgCl2 and N2. 2. A group of young researchers was working on a biochemical pathway. At that time, they produced an enzyme having altered active site. Do you think, the activity of the new enzyme would differ from the original one? Why? On a different reaction they found, an enzyme works best at a temperature near about 30 degree Celsius. At 60 degree Celsius, the enzyme becomes inactivated. Briefly explain, why that enzyme is not working at elevated temperature?arrow_forward1. MgBr (xs), CH3CH₂OCH₂CH3 2. HCI, H₂Oarrow_forwardWhich of the following statements is/are TRUE regarding paracetamol, C8H9NO2? Select one or more: Relative atomic masses:H = 1.008; C = 12.011;N = 14.007; O = 15.999 Select one or more: a. It has the same empirical formula with 1-methylpyridinium, C16H18NO2. b. The percentages by mass of H and O are the same as in CH3COOH. c. The ratio of C:O atoms is the same as in butanol, C4H10O. d. C has a higher percent by mass than the other 3 atoms combined.arrow_forward
- Choose a pharmaceutical drug and answer the following questions about the drug: What is the IUPAC chemical name? Who discovered it or what company discovered it and when (if available)? What does the compound look like? Provide a picture of the compound. What are the functional groups in the compound? What are the medical uses for the drug? What is the mechanism of action of the drug (how does it work to affect the disease or malady)? How is it usually administered (ex. IV, pill, etc.)? What are the potential adverse effects of the drug?arrow_forward(5) One of Prof Cunningham's former students wrote his doctoral dissertation about a new technology to clean up soil contaminated by certain types of chemicals. One of the chemicals we tested in the lab was 1,2,4,5-tetrachlorobenzene (TECB). (a) Draw the chemical structure of 1,2,4,5-tetrachlorobenzene. (b) When we started working on the project, we thought maybe TeCB would be de- stroyed according to first-order kinetics, but we weren't sure. Below are two tables of actual data that the student collected in the laboratory. The two data sets were collected under different experimental conditions. For each of the two experiments, determine if the disappearance of TeCB is zero-order, first-order, second-order, or something else. Specify the value of the rate constant (ko, k1, or k2, as appropriate). Be sure to give the right units of k! Table 1: Concentration of TECB vs. time, experiment 1 time (min) Conc. (mg/L) 10 20 30 45 5.0 2.93 2.06 0.61 0.28 0.057 Table 2: Concentration of TECB…arrow_forwardEnlist FIVE uses of talc in pharmacy. Enlist TWO uses of alcohol in extemporaneous compounding.arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
- Introductory Chemistry: A FoundationChemistryISBN:9781337399425Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Cengage LearningPrinciples of Modern ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305079113Author:David W. Oxtoby, H. Pat Gillis, Laurie J. ButlerPublisher:Cengage LearningIntroduction to General, Organic and BiochemistryChemistryISBN:9781285869759Author:Frederick A. Bettelheim, William H. Brown, Mary K. Campbell, Shawn O. Farrell, Omar TorresPublisher:Cengage Learning
- Chemistry: An Atoms First ApproachChemistryISBN:9781305079243Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. ZumdahlPublisher:Cengage LearningChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305957404Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Cengage Learning
Introductory Chemistry: A Foundation
Chemistry
ISBN:9781337399425
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Principles of Modern Chemistry
Chemistry
ISBN:9781305079113
Author:David W. Oxtoby, H. Pat Gillis, Laurie J. Butler
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry
Chemistry
ISBN:9781285869759
Author:Frederick A. Bettelheim, William H. Brown, Mary K. Campbell, Shawn O. Farrell, Omar Torres
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry: An Atoms First Approach
Chemistry
ISBN:9781305079243
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry
Chemistry
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Cengage Learning