Introduction to Heat Transfer
6th Edition
ISBN: 9780470501962
Author: Frank P. Incropera, David P. DeWitt, Theodore L. Bergman, Adrienne S. Lavine
Publisher: Wiley, John & Sons, Incorporated
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Textbook Question
Chapter 1, Problem 1.46P
A blood warmer is to be used during the transfusion of blood to a patient. This device is to heat blood taken from the blood bank at
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VI.2 A coolant is transported in a pipe with external wall temperature of -30 °C and with outer
diameter of 10 cm. The tube is thermally isolated by two layers: 1) an internal layer of
foamed polypropylene with thermal conductivity of 0.08 W.m.K and thickness of 10 cm,
and 2) an external felt layer with thermal conductivity of 0.05 W.m.K and thickness of 5
cm. Temperature of the outer surface is 25 °C. Calculate the heat flow from the
surroundings to the tube with length of 100 m. What is the temperature on the boundary
between polypropylene and felt layers?
Result: The heat flow from the surroundings is approx. 1.77 kW. Temperature between
layers of isolation is 8.8 °C.
8.21 WP In the final stages of production, a pharmaceutical is sterilized by heating it from 25 to 75°C as it moves at o.2 m/s through a straight thin-
walled stainless steel tube of 12.7-mm diameter. A uniform heat flux is maintained by an electric resistance heater wrapped around the outer surface
of the tube. If the tube is 10 m long, what is the required heat flux? If fluid enters the tube with a fully developed velocity profile and a uniform
temperature profile, what is the surface temperature at the tube exit and at a distance of o.5 m from the entrance? Fluid properties may be
approximated as p = 1000 kg/m³, c, = 4000 J/kg · K, µ = 2 × 10-3 kg/s · m, k = 0.8 W/m · K, and Pr = 10.
To cool hot oil, an engineer has suggested that the oil be pumped through a pipe submerged in a nearby lake. The pipe (external diameter = 15 cm) will be placed in the horizontal direction. The temperature of the outer surface of the pipe averages 125 ° C. The surrounding water temperature is assumed to be constant at 15 ° C. Pipe length 100 m. If it is assumed that there is no water movement.
a. Determine the convective heat transfer coefficient of the outer pipe surface to the water. = ..... Watt / (m² ° C)
b. Determine the heat transfer rate from the pipe to the water. = ..... kW
Chapter 1 Solutions
Introduction to Heat Transfer
Ch. 1 - The thermal conductivity of a sheet of rigid,...Ch. 1 - The heat flux that is applied to the left face of...Ch. 1 - A concrete wall, which has a surface area of 20m2...Ch. 1 - The concrete slab of a basement is 11 m long, 8 m...Ch. 1 - Consider Figure 1.3. The heat flux in the...Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.6PCh. 1 - The inner and outer surface temperatures of a...Ch. 1 - A thermodynamic analysis of a proposed Brayton...Ch. 1 - A glass window of width W=1m and height H=2m is 5...Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.10P
Ch. 1 - The heat flux that is applied to one face of a...Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.12PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.13PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.14PCh. 1 - The 5-mm-thick bottom of a 200-mm-diameter pan may...Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.16PCh. 1 - For a boiling process such as shown in Figure...Ch. 1 - You've experienced convection cooling if you've...Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.19PCh. 1 - A wall has inner and outer surface temperatures of...Ch. 1 - An electric resistance heater is embedded in a...Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.22PCh. 1 - A transmission case measures W=0.30m on a side and...Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.24PCh. 1 - A common procedure for measuring the velocity of...Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.26PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.27PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.28PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.29PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.30PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.31PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.32PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.33PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.34PCh. 1 - An electrical resistor is connected to a battery,...Ch. 1 - Pressurized water pin=10bar,Tin=110C enters the...Ch. 1 - Consider the tube and inlet conditions of Problem...Ch. 1 - An internally reversible refrigerator has a...Ch. 1 - A household refrigerator operates with cold- and...Ch. 1 - Chips of width L=15mm on a side are mounted to a...Ch. 1 - Consider the transmission case of Problem 1.23,...Ch. 1 - One method for growing thin silicon sheets for...Ch. 1 - Heat is transferred by radiation and convection...Ch. 1 - Radioactive wastes are packed in a long,...Ch. 1 - An aluminum plate 4 mm thick is mounted in a...Ch. 1 - A blood warmer is to be used during the...Ch. 1 - Consider a carton of milk that is refrigerated at...Ch. 1 - The energy consumption associated with a home...Ch. 1 - Liquid oxygen, which hems a boiling point of 90 K...Ch. 1 - The emissivity of galvanized steel sheet, a common...Ch. 1 - Three electric resistance heaters of length...Ch. 1 - A hair dryer may be idealized as a circular duct...Ch. 1 - In one stage of an annealing process, 304...Ch. 1 - Convection ovens operate on the principle of...Ch. 1 - Annealing, an important step in semiconductor...Ch. 1 - In the thermal processing of semiconductor...Ch. 1 - A furnace for processing semiconductor materials...Ch. 1 - Single fuel cells such as the one of Example 1.5...Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.59PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.60PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.61PCh. 1 - A small sphere of reference-grade iron with a...Ch. 1 - A 50mm45mm20mm cell phone charger has a surface...Ch. 1 - A spherical, stainless steel (AISI 302) canister...Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.65PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.66PCh. 1 - A photovoltaic panel of dimension 2m4m is...Ch. 1 - Following the hot vacuum forming of a paper-pulp...Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.69PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.70PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.71PCh. 1 - The roof of a car in a parking lot absorbs a solar...Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.73PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.74PCh. 1 - Consider Problem 1.1. If the exposed cold surface...Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.76PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.77PCh. 1 - A thin electrical heating element provides a...Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.79PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.80PCh. 1 - Prob. 1.81PCh. 1 - The curing process of Example 1.9 involves...Ch. 1 - The diameter and surface emissivity of an...Ch. 1 - Bus bars proposed for use in a power transmission...Ch. 1 - A solar flux of 700W/m2 is incident on a...Ch. 1 - In considering the following problems involving...
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- 5. Steam condensing on the outer surface of a thin-walled circular tube of 50 mm diameter and 6 m length maintains a uniform surface temperature of 100 C. Water flows through the tube at a rate of m= 0.25 kg/s, and its inlet and outlet temperatures are Tmi = 15 C and Tmo = 57C. What is the average convection coefficient associated with the water flow? Data: Pvater = 1000 kg/m³ ; c, = 4.2 kJ/kg-K.arrow_forwardMerrill et al. (1965) in a series of classic experiments studied the flow of blood in capillary tubes of various diameters. The blood had a hematocrit of 39.3 and the temperature was 20°C. They measured the pressure drop as a function of the flow rate for five tube diameters ranging from 288 to 850 μm. When they expressed the measured pressure drops in terms of the wall shear stress, and the volumetric flow rates in terms of the reduced average velocity, all of the data for the various tube sizes formed, within the experimental accuracy, a single line as predicted by the Rabinowitsch equation expressed in terms of reduced average velocity. From their results they provide the following values of the Casson parameters at 20°C: τy = 0.0289 dynes cm−2 and s = 0.229 (dynes s cm−2)1/2. Using these values for τy and s, show that the equation below for reduced average velocity provides an excellent fit to their data summarized in the following table. (Wall shear stress) τw , dynes cm-2…arrow_forwardFor Heat transfer through cylinder tube wall, the temperature is to be a linear function of r (radius) of the tube. Select one: O True O False The conductivity of H20 in solid form (ice) is higher than that of H20 in liquid form (water). Select one: O True O False F, (Correction factor for temperature in some heat exchangers) should be 1.0 or greater than 1.0 in some cases. Select one: O True Falsearrow_forward
- When can the conductive thermal resistance of the tube in a heat exchanger be neglected in overall heat transfer coefficient calculation? Never When the tube is thin or the material is highly conductive When the tube is thin. When the tube material is highly conductive. Which of the following sentence(s) is/are true? We cannot calculate thermal resistance of a solid slab. Thermal resistance concept is applicable only in Cartesian or Cylindrical coordinate. We cannot calculate thermal resistance of a solid cylinder. To apply thermal resistance concept, a problem only needs to be one dimensional and steady.arrow_forwardIn the final stages of production, a pharmaceuticalis sterilized by heating it from 30°C to 75°C as it moves at0.2 m/s through a straight thin-walled stainless steeltube of 12.7-mm diameter. A uniform heat flux is maintained by an electric resistance heater wrappedaround the outer surface of the tube. If the tube is 10 m long, what is the required heat flux? If fluidenters the tube with a fully developed velocity profile and a uniform temperature profile, what is thesurface temperature at the tube exit? Fluid properties may be approximated as ? = 1000 kg/m3, cp =4000 J/kg K, ? = 2 x 10-3 kg/s m, k = 0.8 W/m K, and Pr = 10.arrow_forwarda. An air stream passing through a 2-inch (1/6 ft) diameter, thin-walled tube is to be heated by high- pressure steam condensing on the outer surface of the tube at 320 °F. The overall heat transfer coefficient, h between steam and air can be assumed to be 25 Btu/(ft2.hr °F) with the air entering at 100 ft/sec, 10 psia, 40 °F. The air is to be heated to 150 °F. Determine the tube length required. Assuming Rayleigh Line flow, calculate the static pressure change due to heat addition. Also, for the same inlet conditions, calculate the pressure drop due to friction, assuming Fanno flow in the duct with f = 0.018. b. c. d. To obtain an approximation to the overall pressure drop in this heat exchanger, add the two results. Discuss the accuracy of this calculation.arrow_forward
- 1. A 5 x 5 cm plate is at a constant temperature of 50 ° C and tilted 60 ° to the horizontal. Calculate the heat released by both sides of the plate to the water at 20 ° C. (Only free convection is heat transfer). 2. The cross flow type heat exchanger has 40 pipes with a diameter of 1 cm. The heat exchanger is 1 x 1 meter in size. Cold water (Cp 4180 J / kg ° C) enters the pipe with a temperature of 18 ° C and an average speed of 3 m / s. hot air as a heat exchanger with a temperature of 130 ° C and an average speed of 12 m / s and a pressure of 105 kPa (cp = 1010 J / kg ° C). if the coefficient of total heat is 130 W / m² ° C calculate: A. temperature out of the air and air b. Heat rate that occursarrow_forwardThe thermal conductivity of aluminum is higher than that of concrete material (one of most popular building materials). Select one: O True O False An example of convective heat transfer is freezing of the ground during the winter. Select one: O True O False Fouling on heat exchanger tubes has no effect on heat exchanger's performances. Select one: O True O False For good winter jackets, they should be made of light-weight materials, filled with air, that have very low conductivity. Select one: O True O Falsearrow_forwardThe condenser of a steam power plant consists of AISI 302 Stainless steel tubes, each with outer and inner diameters of 35 mm and 30 mm, respectively. Saturated steam at 0.135 bar condenses on the outer surface of the tube, while water at a mean temperature of 295 K is in fully developed flow through the tube (you can assume that 295 K is the mean temperature in the axial direction of the tube (e.g. along its length) or you may assume that the inlet water temperature is 295 K). For a water mass flow rate of 0.22 kg/s, what is the outer surface temperature of the tube and the rates of heat transfer and steam condensation per unit tube length? As an approximation you may evaluate the properties of the liquid film at the saturation temperature.arrow_forward
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