Heat is transferred by radiation and convection between the inner surface of the nacelle of the wind turbine of Example 1.3 and the outer surfaces of the gearbox and generator. The convection heat flux associated with the gearbox and the generator may be described by
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Introduction to Heat Transfer
- Qi: (50 marks) Find the total heat flux of the composite wall when: B KA = KC = KF = 15 m. K KB = KD = 10 m. K KE = KG = 20 %3D m. K D. Height of B = C = D 4 cm 3 cm 4 cm 6 cm Height of F = G AT = 30 Karrow_forwardA liquid reactant solution is pumped through a pre-heater before entering a reaction vessel. The solution enters the pre-heater at 25 °C and must enter the reactor at 45 °C. The flow of the reactant solution is 1500 mL per minute. The density of the reactant solution is 0.91 g-cm3 and the heat capacity is 1.75 Jg1.K1. ASsume there is no heat loss in the pre-heater or between the pre-heater and the reactor. a. Draw a schematic of the pre-heater, detailing all mass and energy flows. b. Clearly define a system boundary. c. Write the general energy balance, and a simplified energy balance stating all assumptions that apply to this problem. d. What is the minimum power rating required for the pre-heater?arrow_forwardDerive the general heat conduction equation in Cartesian coordinates. b) Electric heater wires are installed in a solid wall having a thickness of 8 cm and k =2.5W/m ◦C.The right face is exposed to an environment with h=50W/m2◦C and T∞ = 30°C, while the left face is exposed to h=75W/m2◦C and T∞ =50◦C. What is the maximum allowable heat-generation rate such that the maximum temperature in the solid does not exceed 300◦C?arrow_forward
- You are asked to estimate the maximum human body temperature if the metabolic heat produced in your body could escape only by tissue conduction and later on the surface by convection. Simplify the human body as a cylinder of L=1.8 m in height and ro= 0.15 m in radius. Further, simplify the heat transfer process inside the human body as a 1-D situation when the temperature only depends on the radial coordinater from the centerline. The governing dT +q""=0 dr equation is written as 1 d k- r dr r = 0, dT dr =0 dT r=ro -k -=h(T-T) dr (k-0.5 W/m°C), ro is the radius of the cylinder (0.15 m), h is the convection coefficient at the skin surface (15 W/m² °C), Tair is the air temperature (30°C). q" is the average volumetric heat generation rate in the body (W/m³) and is defined as heat generated per unit volume per second. The 1-D (radial) temperature distribution can be derived as: T(r) = q"¹'r² qr qr. + 4k 2h + 4k +T , where k is thermal conductivity of tissue air (A) q" can be calculated…arrow_forwardQ1. A 50 meter long cast iron pipe with outer diameter of 10 cm passes in an open space of 288 K temperature. The outer surface of the pipe temperature is 423 K and the combined heat transfer coefficient on the outer surface of the pipe is 25 W/m? K. Considering and stating the necessary assumptions determine, (a) The rate of heat loss from the pipe (b) The energy lost per year if the cost of the fuel is 0.52 $/therm ( 1 therm = 105,500 kJ) (c) The thickness of the insulation if 98% of the energy loss is planned to be saved. Consider the conduction coefficient of the insulation is 0.035 W/mK. Tair = 288 K 423 K Steam 50 m Fiberglass insulation Figure Q1.arrow_forwardThe time evolution of the temperature of an object follows the Newton's cooling laws dT dx = -k(T - Ts), where the term k = 2.2 (1/s) is the heat transfer constant, and Tg = 25.6° C is the ambient temperature. The initial temperature of the object at time t = = 0 is T(t = 0) = 200°C. °C Use the Euler's method, and a time step of h=0.2s, calculate: When t = = 0.2s, T = °C When t 1s, T =arrow_forward
- A steady-state electric motor operates under 10 Ampere and 220 Volt operating conditions. The output shaft rotates with 100 rpm (rpm) and 16 Nm torque. The heat transfer from the electric motor to the environment is related to the equation of surface temperature Tb, ambient temperature T0 and hA(Tb-T0). The energy transfer is shown on the figure with the help of arrows. (h=100 W/(m2K)), A= 0.195 m2, T0= 293 K) a) Determine the temperature Tb in K (Kelvin). b) Assuming the electric motor as the system, determine the entropy production in kW/K. c) Assume the area of the system boundary as the ambient temperature (T0) and determine the entropy generation in kW/K for the extended system boundaries.arrow_forwardA thermal system having a cylindrical form contains a sequence of cylindrical layers is used to cool hot gases. The thermal properties of the system materials are as follows : k = 231 W/m.K, c = 1033 J/kg.K and the density = 2702 kg/m^3. The gases to be cooled has a temperature equals to 500 C. Determine the temperature of the system that corresponds to 10 % of the maximum possible heat transfer between the gas and the system. Consider that the system has a characteristic length equals to 0.03 m. The heat convective coefficient is equal to 50 W/m^2.K. The initial temperature of the system is equal to 20 C. Select one: О а. 370 К O b. 489 K С. 341 К d. 410 Karrow_forwardRelationship to Thermodynamics 4. An electrical resistor is connected to a battery, as shown schematically. After a brief transient, the resistor assumes a nearly uniform, steady-state temperature of 95 °C, while the battery and lead wires remain at the ambient temperature of 25 °C. Neglect the electrical resistance of the lead wires Battery V=24 V Resistor dEst dt Air T. = 25C Lead wire (a) Consider the resistor as a system about which a control surface is placed and Equation 1.12c is applied. Determine the corresponding values of Ein(W), Eg(W), Eout (W), and Est(W). If a control surface is placed about the entire system, what are the values of in, Eg, Eout, and Est? (1.12c) Est Ein - Eout + Eg (b) If electrical energy is dissipated uniformly with in the resistor, which is a cylinder of diameter D= 60 mm and length L=250 mm, what is the volumetric heat generation rate, (W/m3)? (c) Neglecting radiation from the resistor, what is the convection coefficient?arrow_forward
- Suppose city 1 leaves an entire block (100 mm ×× 100 mm) as a park with trees and grass (emissivity 0.96) while city 2 paves the same area over with asphalt (emissivity 1.0). Sunlight heats each surface to 41.5 ∘C∘C by sunset, and then the surface radiates its heat into a cube of air 100 mm on a side and at 30.0 ∘C∘C. If each city block maintains the same radiated power for 2.1 hh and there are no other energy losses, what is the final temperature of the cube of air above the block in city 1? The density of air at 30.0 ∘C∘C is 1.16 kg/m3kg/m3. Express your answer to three significant figures and include appropriate units. If each city block maintains the same radiated power for 2.1 hh and there are no other energy losses, what is the final temperature of the cube of air above the block in city 2? The density of air at 30.0 ∘C∘C is 1.16 kg/m3kg/m3. Express your answer to three significant figures and include appropriate units.arrow_forwardHeat Transfer question In order to cool down a hot steel sphere (its diameter is 5 cm), CO2 gas is blown over it through a pipe with a diameter of 10 cm. The CO2 gas is kept at atmospheric pressure while moving through a smooth pipe at a speed of 6 m/sec. The gas temperature entering the pipe is 300K and exiting the pipe is 340 K. The pipe temperature at the entrance is 350K and at the exit is 550K. The sphere is located just about the pipe exit. Find the convective heat transfer coefficient of the gas moving in the pipe, the heat transfer rate at the pipe and the pipe length. What is the surface temperature of the sphere if the heat transfer rate between the sphere and the gas is 7W and its surface temperature is higher than the gas?arrow_forwardA new 1 ft thick insulating material was recently tested for heat resistant properties. The data recorded temperatures of 70 deg. F and 210 deg. F on the cold and hot sides, respectively. If the thermal conductivity of the insulating material is 0.026 Btu/ft . h .⁰ F, calculate the rate of the heat flux,Q/A, through the wall in Btu/ft^2 . h. Resolve the problem in SI units.arrow_forward
- Principles of Heat Transfer (Activate Learning wi...Mechanical EngineeringISBN:9781305387102Author:Kreith, Frank; Manglik, Raj M.Publisher:Cengage Learning