Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation: Effect of change of substrate from
Concept introduction: Bimolecular substitution or
A general
Polar-aprotic solvents accelerate the rate of
(b)
Interpretation:Effect of change of nucleophile from
Concept introduction:Bimolecular substitution or
A general
Polar-aprotic solvents accelerate the rate of
(c)
Interpretation:: Effect of change of substrate from
Concept introduction:Bimolecular substitution or
(d)
Interpretation:Effect of change of solvent from
Concept introduction: Bimolecular substitution or
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionChapter 6 Solutions
Organic Chemistry: Structure and Function
- ki [2] Given the mechanism: NO(g) + O2(g) SNO;(g) [fast, reversible] k-1 (1) k2 NO:(g) + NO(g) → 2NO2(g) [slow] (2) (a) Write the equation for the overall reaction. (b) Which step is rate determining? (c) Which species is an intermediate? (d) Which species is a catalyst? (e) What is the rate law predicted by the above mechanism for the overall reaction?arrow_forwardThe acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of sucrose occurs by the fol-lowing overall reaction whose kinetic data are given below:C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁(s) H₂O(l) →C₆H₁₂O₆(aq) C₆H₁₂O₆(aq) (a) Determine the rate constant and the half-life of the reaction.(b) How long does it take to hydrolyze 75% of the sucrose?(c) Other studies have shown that this reaction is actually sec-ond order overall but appears to follow first-order kinetics.(Such a reaction is called a pseudo–first-order reaction.) Sug-gest a reason for this apparent first-order behavior.arrow_forwardThe reaction of CH;OH and HBr is believed to proceed by the mechanism: ki CH:OH +H+ = CH:OHz* k1 Elementary Step 1: (Fast pre-equilibrium) Elementary Step 2: k2 CH;OH2* + Br- 5 CH;Br + H2O (Slow) (а) What is the stoichiometric overall equation for the reaction? (b) What is the intermediate in the proposed mechanism? (c) Derive the rate law predicted by this mechanism. Show your working out.arrow_forward
- A suggested mechanism for the decomposition of peroxide (H2O2) is H2O2(aq) ->>> 2OH(aq) H2O2(aq) + OH(aq) H2O()+ HO2(g) HO2(g) + OH(aq)) → H2O(l) + O2 (g) ->> Based on the mechanism which statement is true? (1) The rate law is rate = k[H202] (2) the molecularity of the slow reaction is 4 (4) OH2 is an intermediate (3) OH is a catalyst A Moving to the next question prevents changes to this answer. MacBook Pro fast slow fastarrow_forward6 C3H¬B1+ OH¯→ C,H¬OH + NaBr The rate equation for the hydrolysis of C3H,Br with sodium hydroxide is: rate = k [C3H¬B1] [OH ¯] а) Draw the structural formula of C3H¬B1. Explain your answer. b) State and show the mechanism of the reaction above.arrow_forwardThe first step in the heterogeneoushydrogenation of ethylene is adsorption of theethylene molecule on a metal surface. One proposed explanation for the “sticking” of ethylene to a metalsurface is the interaction of the electrons in the C—C π bond with vacant orbitals on the metal surface. (a) If thisnotion is correct, would ethane be expected to adsorb to a metal surface, and, if so, how strongly would ethane bindcompared to ethylene? (b) Based on its Lewis structure,would you expect ammonia to adsorb to a metal surfaceusing a similar explanation as for ethylene?arrow_forward
- (i) What is the order of the reaction whose rate constant has same units as the rate of reaction?(ii) For a reaction A + H2O → B; Rate ∝ [A],What is the order of this reaction?arrow_forward(b) The following sequence of elementary steps is a proposed mechanism for the reaction. I. NO + NO ↔ N2O2 II. N2O2 + H2 → H2O + N2O III. N2O + H2 → N2 + H2O Based on the data presented, which of the above is the rate-determining step? Show that the mechanism is consistent with (i) the observed rate law for the reaction, and (ii) the overall stoichiometry of the reaction. Note: Please briefly explain the answer above.arrow_forwardIn studying the decomposition of ozoneA 2 O3 (g) --> 3 O2 (g) in a 2-dm3 reaction vessel, it is found that d[O3]/dt = -1.5 x 10-2 mol dm-3s-1 (a) What is the rate of the reaction? (b) What is the value of d[O2]/dt? The answer is [7.5 x 10-3; 2.25 x 10-2]arrow_forward
- One possible mechanism for the decomposition of ethane, C2H6, into ethylene, C2H4, and hydrogen, C2H6 - C2H4 + H2 includes the following steps. (1) C2Hg - 2CH3• (2) CH3• + C2H6→ CH4 + C2H5. (3) C2H5• → C2H4 + H. (4) H• + C2Hs -C2H5• + H2 (5) H. + C2H5•→ C2H6 (a) Which step(s) initiate the reaction? O Step (2) O Step (5) O Step (4) O Step (1) O Step (3)arrow_forwardFor the reaction: 2N205(g) -->4NO(g) + O2(g) (a) write the mathematical rate expression in terms of (i) the disappearance of N2O5 (Reactant); (ii) the formation of NO (Product); (iii) the formation of O2 (Product). (b) What are the stoichiometric relationships (rationalization) of the various rates for this reaction? (e.g. Product C formation is 2x faster than Reactant A disappearance/decomposition.)arrow_forwardWhen the rate of the reversible reaction A + BSC is studied under a certain set of conditions, it is found that the rate of the forward reaction is kA]. What can be concluded about the rate law for the reverse reaction under these conditions? (A) Rate = k-[C] %3D (B) Rate = k [B] (C) The rate law of the reverse reaction cannot be determined from the information given. (D) An crror must have been made, since if the reaction is reversible, the forward rate law must be Rate = k{A][B]. %3Darrow_forward
- ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305957404Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Cengage LearningChemistryChemistryISBN:9781259911156Author:Raymond Chang Dr., Jason Overby ProfessorPublisher:McGraw-Hill EducationPrinciples of Instrumental AnalysisChemistryISBN:9781305577213Author:Douglas A. Skoog, F. James Holler, Stanley R. CrouchPublisher:Cengage Learning
- Organic ChemistryChemistryISBN:9780078021558Author:Janice Gorzynski Smith Dr.Publisher:McGraw-Hill EducationChemistry: Principles and ReactionsChemistryISBN:9781305079373Author:William L. Masterton, Cecile N. HurleyPublisher:Cengage LearningElementary Principles of Chemical Processes, Bind...ChemistryISBN:9781118431221Author:Richard M. Felder, Ronald W. Rousseau, Lisa G. BullardPublisher:WILEY