Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781305389892
Author: Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 48, Problem 8TYK
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
Vasopressin or the antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is synthesized in hypothalamus from a prohormone. Then, it gets released from the vesicles in the circulation in response to the hypertonicity of extracellular fluids.
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A patient has an ADH-secreting pulmonary carcinoma (syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion). As a result of unregulated ADH secretion, you would expect to find:
a. retention of water resulting in volume expansion b. low urinary osmolality c. increased renal sodium reabsorption d. high serum sodium concentration e. b and c
A 25-year old woman develops a nonfunctional hypothalamic tumor that results in a complete inability to produce oxytocin. The most likely pathological response to this deficiency is:
a. inability to ovulate b. amenorrhea c. hypertension d. inability to lactate normally e. inability to deliver a child vaginally
A 30-year-old woman begins drinking excessive amounts because of increased thirst. She weighs 50 kg (110 lbs). She excretes approximately 8 L of dilute urine daily. Her serum sodium concentration is 147 mEq/L. Which of the following peptides will most likely relieve her thirst and decrease her daily volume of excreted urine?
a. Angiotensin I
b. Angiotensin II
c. Bradykinin
d. Desmopressin
e. Oxytocin
f. Substance P
Which of the following is TRUE concerning renal handling of potassium?
a.
A high potassium meal will cause enhanced basolateral uptake via sodium-potassium pumps
b.
Most potassium reabsorption occurs at the distal tubules
c.
Aldosterone enhances potassium reabsorption at the proximal tubule
d.
Potassium is not filtered, so urinary excretion of potassium will only occur by stimulating potassium secretion
e.
Decreased extracellular potassium concentration increases aldosterone production and thereby reduces potassium secretion
Chapter 48 Solutions
Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 48.1 - Define the terms osmosis, osmolarity, hypoosmotic,...Ch. 48.2 - How are protonephridia, metanephridia, and...Ch. 48.3 - Prob. 1SBCh. 48.3 - Prob. 2SBCh. 48.4 - Prob. 1SBCh. 48.5 - Prob. 1SBCh. 48.5 - Reptiles and birds excrete nitrogenous wastes in...Ch. 48.6 - Distinguish between ectothermy and endothermy....Ch. 48.7 - Prob. 1SBCh. 48.7 - Prob. 2SB
Ch. 48.8 - Prob. 1SBCh. 48 - Which of the following statements about...Ch. 48 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 48 - Prob. 3TYKCh. 48 - Prob. 4TYKCh. 48 - Prob. 5TYKCh. 48 - Which of the following correctly describes a part...Ch. 48 - Which of the following is an example of...Ch. 48 - Prob. 8TYKCh. 48 - Prob. 9TYKCh. 48 - Prob. 10TYKCh. 48 - Prob. 11TYKCh. 48 - Discuss Concepts As a person ages, nephron tubules...Ch. 48 - Prob. 13TYKCh. 48 - Prob. 14TYKCh. 48 - Prob. 15TYKCh. 48 - Prob. 16TYKCh. 48 - Prob. 1ITDCh. 48 - Prob. 2ITDCh. 48 - Prob. 3ITD
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- Aldosterone secretion is regulated by: A. renin secretion by the kidney resulting in the formation of angiotensin II that directly causes aldosterone release B. direct humoral stimulation of adrenal cortex cells by potassium ions C. ACTH during conditions of severe stress D. Atrial natriuretic pepside causing inhibition of aldosterone effects E. All of these are correctarrow_forwardwhich of the following is a response to the release of antidiuretic hormone? a. urine volume increases b. positive feedback occurs leading to the release of more ADH c. water reabsorption increases at the collecting duct d. blood osmolarity increasesarrow_forwarda patient with diabetes has been diagnosed with metabolic acidosis. identify the mechanisms by which the body will adapt, CHECK ALL THAT APPLY a. reabsorption of H ions from proximal convoluted tubule b. increased respiratory rate c. decreased filtration of HCO3 in glomerular capsule d. reabsorption of filtered HCO3 from the proximal convoluted tubule e. secretion of H ions by the intercalated cellsarrow_forward
- Which of the following is true about the filtrate as it travels through the tubule? A. as the permeability to water of the collecting duct increases, the osmolarity of the filtrate increases B. it decreases in osmolarity as it travels through the proximal tubule C. the increasing concentration of the medullary interstitium results in more water being reabsorbed in the ascending limb D. the volume of the filtrate decreases the most in the distal convoluted tubule and collecting ductarrow_forwardWhich of these mechanisms is the most important for regulatingblood osmolality?a. ADH c. ANHb. renin-angiotensin-aldosterone d. PTHarrow_forwardwhich of the following is NOT describing the homeostatic function of renal system? Select one: a. Not effective in regulation of acid-base balance b. Very effective in regulation of arterial blood pressure c. Secretion of insulin d. No role in gluconeogenesis e. Regulation of blood glucosearrow_forward
- Which of the following is NOT a function of the kidneys? a. Regulation of plasma (NA+) b. Secretion of a hormone that affects hematocrit c. Gluconeogenesis d. Secretion of a hormone that acts to decrease mean arterial pressure e. Metabolism of Vitamin Darrow_forwardExplain how the nervous system and the excretory system have to work together to maintain water balance, including both dehydration and excess hydration. What would happen if the nervous system became damaged and could no longer send signals to stimulate the release of ADH ?arrow_forwardAn investigator is studying renal physiology in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. When a substance that inhibits glucose reabsorption is given, which of the following best describes the clearance of glucose?a. Decreases and approaches the clearance of p-aminohippurateb. Decreases and approaches the clearance of inulinC. Increases and approaches the clearance of p-aminohippurated. Increases and approaches the clearance of inuline. Increases and approaches the clearance of sodiumarrow_forward
- Acetazolamide is a diuretic that blocks the activity of the enzyme carbonic anhydrase inside kidney tubule cells. This blockage prevents theformation of carbonic acid from CO2 and water. Normally, carbonicacid dissociates to form H+ and HCO3−, and the H+ is exchanged forNa+ from the urine. Blocking the formation of H+ in the tubule cellsblocks Na+ reabsorption, thus inhibiting water reabsorption andproducing the diuretic effect. With this information in mind, what effectdoes acetazolamide have on blood pH, urine pH, and respiratory rate?arrow_forwardAll of the following are true about glucose recovery from the tubule fluid, except (choose the incorrect statement): A. All filtered glucose is released in the PCT unless plasma glucose abnormally high B. It is reabsorbed by coupling with Na+ recovery via a sodium glucose cotransporter C. Glucose recovery is made possible by low intracellular Na+ concentrations created by the NaK pump D. The CD recovers any glucose that is not reabsorbed by the PCT nephron loop and DCT this is not and will not be gradedarrow_forwardMark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement. a. The thirst mechanism is mediated by osmoreceptors located in the cerebral cortex. b. The sensible water loss includes the water lost from the body via the skin and the respiratory system. c. The main hormone that regulates fluid balance is antidiuretic hormone (ADH). d. Atrial natriuretic peptide promotes water retention in the kidneys and increases the amount of water in the body. e. Dehydration is characterized by a decreased volume and increased osmolarity of the ECFarrow_forward
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