Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781305389892
Author: Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 48, Problem 2TYK
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
The secretion in which the blood is filtered from urine that contains liquid waste from peri-tubular capillaries to renal tubular lumen, is known as tubular secretion. In this process, filtration and secretion play a major role in eliminating waste substances from the blood. Filtration is a nonselective process whereas tubular secretion is a selective process.
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Which of the following is TRUE about glucose reabsorption in the kidney?
a.If an individual does not have diabetes mellitus, 100% of filtered glucose is reabsorbed at the proximal convoluted tubule.
b.If an individual has diabetes mellitus, filtered glucose will be present in all the renal tubule.
c.Glucose reabsorption along the proximal convoluted tubule uses the sodium glucose secondary active transporter and it is independent of insulin.
d.All of the above
e.None of the above
asap
Reabsorption of most solute molecules from the proximal convolutedtubule is linked to the active transport of Na+ across thea. apical membrane and out of the cell.b. apical membrane and into the cell.c. basal membrane and out of the cell.d. basal membrane and into the cell.
Pressure sensing by the kidneys is a better surrogate for:
A. Heart rate
B. Stroke volume
C. Cardiac output
D. Differences in water concentration between the intracellular and extracellular compartments
Chapter 48 Solutions
Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 48.1 - Define the terms osmosis, osmolarity, hypoosmotic,...Ch. 48.2 - How are protonephridia, metanephridia, and...Ch. 48.3 - Prob. 1SBCh. 48.3 - Prob. 2SBCh. 48.4 - Prob. 1SBCh. 48.5 - Prob. 1SBCh. 48.5 - Reptiles and birds excrete nitrogenous wastes in...Ch. 48.6 - Distinguish between ectothermy and endothermy....Ch. 48.7 - Prob. 1SBCh. 48.7 - Prob. 2SB
Ch. 48.8 - Prob. 1SBCh. 48 - Which of the following statements about...Ch. 48 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 48 - Prob. 3TYKCh. 48 - Prob. 4TYKCh. 48 - Prob. 5TYKCh. 48 - Which of the following correctly describes a part...Ch. 48 - Which of the following is an example of...Ch. 48 - Prob. 8TYKCh. 48 - Prob. 9TYKCh. 48 - Prob. 10TYKCh. 48 - Prob. 11TYKCh. 48 - Discuss Concepts As a person ages, nephron tubules...Ch. 48 - Prob. 13TYKCh. 48 - Prob. 14TYKCh. 48 - Prob. 15TYKCh. 48 - Prob. 16TYKCh. 48 - Prob. 1ITDCh. 48 - Prob. 2ITDCh. 48 - Prob. 3ITD
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- Which of the following contribute to the >99% glucose absorption in the proximal tubule?a. Cellular absorption and paracellular secretion of sodiumb. Paracellular absorption of glucose against a concentration gradientc. Basolateral membrane transport of glucose against a concentration gradientd. Basolateral diffusion of glucose through the lipid bilayerarrow_forwardWhich of the following is TRUE concerning renal handling of potassium? a. A high potassium meal will cause enhanced basolateral uptake via sodium-potassium pumps b. Most potassium reabsorption occurs at the distal tubules c. Aldosterone enhances potassium reabsorption at the proximal tubule d. Potassium is not filtered, so urinary excretion of potassium will only occur by stimulating potassium secretion e. Decreased extracellular potassium concentration increases aldosterone production and thereby reduces potassium secretionarrow_forwardMany caffeinated beverages such as coffee, tea, and cola drinks have diuretic effects on the body. Why do caffeinated beverages increase the volume of urine? Select one: a. Caffeine increases ADH, which increases the reabsorption of water in the kidneys. b. Caffeine inhibits ADH, which reduces the reabsorption of water in the kidneys. c. Caffeine increases ADH, which reduces the reabsorption of water in the kidneys. d. Caffeine inhibits ADH, which increases the reabsorption of water in the kidneys.arrow_forward
- Which is the correct answer for kidney from the following statement(s)? Local production of prostaglandin in kidney protects kidney from ischemic injury. a. Sympathetic stimulation has no effect on afferent and efferent arterioles so that kidney is protected from undergoing ischemia. b. Kidney is vulnerable to ischemic injury. C. d. NSAID inhibits production of angiotensin I. Only (a) and (c) are CORRECT e.arrow_forwardWhich of the followings best describe acid secreting cells in the distal convoluted tubules?A. They pump protons into lumen via apical H+ ATPase B. Carbonic anhydrase allows for rapid formation of bicarbonate ions & protonsC. CO2 diffuses passively from the basolateral membraneD. All of the above are correctE. Only A and B are correctarrow_forwardIf a person develops high blood pressure, one of the compensatory mechanisms that comes into play is the fluid shift mechanism. This mechanism causes Select one: a. water to shift from the capillaries into the interstitial spaces. b. water to shift from inside cells into the extracellular fluid. c. water to stay inside the capillaries. d. increased filtration in the kidney, thereby increasing urine output. e. water to shift from the interstitial space into the capillaries.arrow_forward
- The renal handling of a novel drug is being studied. When the drug is present in the blood, it is filtered into the Bowman’s capsule and secreted via transport proteins in the renal tubules, but it is NOT reabsorbed. The lines on the following graph represent filtration, secretion and excretion rates of this drug at various plasma concentrations. For the three lines shown (labeled A-C) identify which line represents filtration, which line represents secretion, and which line represents excretion Explain how you determined this.arrow_forwardWhich of the following does not represent an important component of a hydrostatic skeleton? A. Extracellular and/or intracellular body fluids B. A resilient membrane C. A chitin matrix containing CaCO3 D. Muscle (or epitheliomuscular) contractions E. All of the above are needed for a hydrostatic skeleton Which of the following structures is most effective for the excretion of excess water? A. The Malpighian tubules of an insect B. The rectal gland of a shark C. The flame cells of a flatworm D. The ionocytes of a crayfish E. All of the above are equally effective in the excretion of excess water Which of the following structural characteristics of a gastrointestinal tract contributes to chemical digestion? A. The typhlosole of an earthworm B. The crop of a bird C. The chelicerae of a spider D. The radula of a mollusc E. All of the abovearrow_forwardWhich of the following is a function of the kidneys? a. The kidneys remove harmful substances from the body. b. The kidneys recapture water for use by the body. c. The kidneys regulate the levels of salt in the blood. d. All of the choices are correct.arrow_forward
- Which one of the following statements is false?a. Blood pressure in the glomerular capillaries is greater than the osmotic pressure exerted by proteins in the plasma within the glomerular capillaries.b. If the osmotic pressure exerted by solutes in the peritubular capillaries is greater than the blood pressure in those capillaries, then water will be reabsorbed.c. Endothelial cells in glomerular capillaries are highly permeable, facilitating filtration of fluid into Bowman’s capsule.d. Constriction of the afferent arteriole is likely to reduce the volume of filtrate appearing in Bowman’s capsule.e. The efferent arteriole carries blood from the glomerular capillaries directly to the renal vein.0.5 pointsQuestion 2Your doctor calls with the results of your urinalysis and tells you that they found proteinuria, the presence of abnormal amounts of protein in your urine sample. What could have caused this?a. Infection and inflammation in the kidney.b. Abnormally high concentration of plasma…arrow_forwardWhich transport action in the proximal tubule would take place if the body needed to increase the blood pH? A. secrete HCO3– B. secrete H+ C. reabsorb Na+ D. reabsorb K+ E. None of the above answer choices correctly answers the question.arrow_forwardwhich of the following is NOT describing the homeostatic function of renal system? Select one: a. Not effective in regulation of acid-base balance b. Very effective in regulation of arterial blood pressure c. Secretion of insulin d. No role in gluconeogenesis e. Regulation of blood glucosearrow_forward
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