Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781305389892
Author: Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 48, Problem 4TYK
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
Other than the simple animal groups, most of the invertebrates, either osmoconformers or the osmoregulators, excrete their
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the process that initiates urine formation in most types of vertebrates is ultrafiltration of fluid from the blood plasma into kidney tubules under the force of blood pressure. What properties of the blood plasma in the urine-forming structures of the kidney are likely to affect the rate of ultrafiltration into the kidney tubules? Why is failure of urine production a potential side effect of heart disease?
Excretory systems produce a final excreted product through
A.
vesicular packaging of nitrogenous wastes.
B.
proteolytic cleavage of amino acids.
C.
filtration of lymphatic fluids.
D.
de novo synthesis in the nephron of urea or uric acid.
E.
some combination of filtration, secretion and reabsorption.
Which of the following structures is most effective for the excretion of excess water?
A. The Malpighian tubules of an insect
B. The rectal gland of a shark
C. The flame cells of a flatworm
D. The ionocytes of a crayfish
E. All of the above are equally effective in the excretion of excess water
Chapter 48 Solutions
Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 48.1 - Define the terms osmosis, osmolarity, hypoosmotic,...Ch. 48.2 - How are protonephridia, metanephridia, and...Ch. 48.3 - Prob. 1SBCh. 48.3 - Prob. 2SBCh. 48.4 - Prob. 1SBCh. 48.5 - Prob. 1SBCh. 48.5 - Reptiles and birds excrete nitrogenous wastes in...Ch. 48.6 - Distinguish between ectothermy and endothermy....Ch. 48.7 - Prob. 1SBCh. 48.7 - Prob. 2SB
Ch. 48.8 - Prob. 1SBCh. 48 - Which of the following statements about...Ch. 48 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 48 - Prob. 3TYKCh. 48 - Prob. 4TYKCh. 48 - Prob. 5TYKCh. 48 - Which of the following correctly describes a part...Ch. 48 - Which of the following is an example of...Ch. 48 - Prob. 8TYKCh. 48 - Prob. 9TYKCh. 48 - Prob. 10TYKCh. 48 - Prob. 11TYKCh. 48 - Discuss Concepts As a person ages, nephron tubules...Ch. 48 - Prob. 13TYKCh. 48 - Prob. 14TYKCh. 48 - Prob. 15TYKCh. 48 - Prob. 16TYKCh. 48 - Prob. 1ITDCh. 48 - Prob. 2ITDCh. 48 - Prob. 3ITD
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- Please define/describe the following 3 renal functions in mammals: filtration, reabsorption and secretion. Describe at least one location in the nephron where each of these functions takes place. How does each of these functions contribute to homeostasis of the organism?arrow_forwardExplain how insects are capable of secreting concentrated urine without depending on high blood pressure filtration.arrow_forwardWhich one of the following statements is false?a. Blood pressure in the glomerular capillaries is greater than the osmotic pressure exerted by proteins in the plasma within the glomerular capillaries.b. If the osmotic pressure exerted by solutes in the peritubular capillaries is greater than the blood pressure in those capillaries, then water will be reabsorbed.c. Endothelial cells in glomerular capillaries are highly permeable, facilitating filtration of fluid into Bowman’s capsule.d. Constriction of the afferent arteriole is likely to reduce the volume of filtrate appearing in Bowman’s capsule.e. The efferent arteriole carries blood from the glomerular capillaries directly to the renal vein.0.5 pointsQuestion 2Your doctor calls with the results of your urinalysis and tells you that they found proteinuria, the presence of abnormal amounts of protein in your urine sample. What could have caused this?a. Infection and inflammation in the kidney.b. Abnormally high concentration of plasma…arrow_forward
- Label the picture below: 1. The region of the kidney which contains the glomerular capsules and the convoluted tubules is the 2. The region of the kidney which contains the nephron loops and the collecting ducts is the : 3. The filtrate is formed by the process of : 4. Describe the roles of the thin and thick segments of nephron loops in water reabsorption: 5. Compare the composition of plasma to the glomerular filtrate.arrow_forwardExcretion of a hypertonic urine in humans is associated best witha. the glomerular capsule.b. the proximal convoluted tubule.c. the loop of the nephron.d. the collecting duct.e. Both c and d are correct.arrow_forwardThe compact ball of capillaries in a nephron is called:- a. the nephron loop. b. the peritubular plexus. c. the renal corpuscle. d. the glomerulus. e. the vasa recta.arrow_forward
- The forces that oppose glomerular filtration are: W. osmotic force of proteins in the glomerular capillariesX. blood pressure in the glomerular capillariesY. fluid pressure in Bowman’s capsuleZ. ATP-dependent processes in the nephron Select one: a. if only W, X and Y are correct b. if only W and Y are correct c. if only X and Z are correct d. if only Z is correct e. if all are correctarrow_forwardWhich of the following does not contribute to the high salt concentration in the interstitial fluid of the kidney medulla? (a) active transport of sodium from the upper part of the ascending limb (b) diffusion of salt from the ascending limb of the loop of Henle (c) reabsorption of salt from various regions of Bowmans capsule (d) counterflow of fluid through the two limbs of the loop of Henle (e) diffusion of urea out of the collecting ductarrow_forwardAs the text noted, two-thirds of the water and solutes that the body reclaims by reabsorption in nephrons occurs in the proximal tubule. Proximal tubule cells have large numbers of mitochondria and demand a great deal of oxygen. Explain why.arrow_forward
- Which of the following does not contribute to the process of filtration? (a) active transport by epithelial cells lining renal tubules (b) large surface area for filtration (c) low permeability of glomerular capillaries (d) high hydrostatic blood pressure in glomerular capillaries (e) podocytesarrow_forwardWhich of the following is NOT a function of the kidneys? a. Regulation of plasma (NA+) b. Secretion of a hormone that affects hematocrit c. Gluconeogenesis d. Secretion of a hormone that acts to decrease mean arterial pressure e. Metabolism of Vitamin Darrow_forwardThe main function of the nephron loop is to: A. Eliminate acid B. Recover glucose and salt from the tubule fluid C. Create a high osmotic concentration in use extracellular fluid of the renal medulla allowing water recovery D. Secrete drugs scubas penicillin This is not and will not be gradedarrow_forward
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