The lactone group in each structure that merits the classification as macrolides is to be stated. Concept introduction: Erythromycin A is an antibiotic drug used in the treatment of many bacterial infections especially which causes infections on the skin and respiratory tract. Azithromycin is another antibiotic drug useful in the treatment of bacterial infections like ear infections, pneumonia and intestinal infections.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 19, Problem 19.65SP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The lactone group in each structure that merits the classification as macrolides is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Erythromycin A is an antibiotic drug used in the treatment of many bacterial infections especially which causes infections on the skin and respiratory tract. Azithromycin is another antibiotic drug useful in the treatment of bacterial infections like ear infections, pneumonia and intestinal infections.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The functional groups circled in the compound are to be identified and their explanation is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Erythromycin A is an antibiotic drug used in the treatment of many bacterial infections especially which causes infections on the skin and respiratory tract. Azithromycin is another antibiotic drug useful in the treatment of bacterial infections like ear infections, pneumonia and intestinal infections.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The ketone in erythromycin targeted by bacteria as the site for detoxification is to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Erythromycin A is an antibiotic drug used in the treatment of many bacterial infections especially which causes infections on the skin and respiratory tract. Azithromycin is another antibiotic drug useful in the treatment of bacterial infections like ear infections, pneumonia and intestinal infections.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The amine in azithromycin and its type is to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Erythromycin A is an antibiotic drug used in the treatment of many bacterial infections especially which causes infections on the skin and respiratory tract. Azithromycin is another antibiotic drug useful in the treatment of bacterial infections like ear infections, pneumonia and intestinal infections.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reason as to why an amine is considered as a good choice to be the “chemical opposite of a ketone” is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Erythromycin A is an antibiotic drug used in the treatment of many bacterial infections especially which causes infections on the skin and respiratory tract. Azithromycin is another antibiotic drug useful in the treatment of bacterial infections like ear infections, pneumonia and intestinal infections.

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Ethyl butyrate, CH3CH2CH2CO2CH2CH3CH3CH2CH2CO2CH2CH3, is an artificial fruit flavor commonly used in the food industry for such flavors as orange and pineapple. Its fragrance and taste are often associated with fresh orange juice, and thus it is most commonly used as orange flavoring. It can be produced by the reaction of butanoic acid with ethanol in the presence of an acid catalyst (H+H+): CH3CH2CH2CO2H(l)+CH2CH3OH(l)H+⟶CH3CH2CH2CO2CH2CH3(l)+H2O(l)CH3CH2CH2CO2H(l)+CH2CH3OH(l)⟶H+CH3CH2CH2CO2CH2CH3(l)+H2O(l) A chemist ran the reaction and obtained 5.40 g of ethyl butyrate. What was the percent yield, The chemist discovers a more efficient catalyst that can produce ethyl butyrate with a 78.0% yield. How many grams would be produced from 7.45g of butanoic acid and excess ethanol?

Ethyl butyrate, CH3CH2CH2CO2CH2CH3CH3CH2CH2CO2CH2CH3, is an artificial fruit flavor commonly used in the food industry for such flavors as orange and pineapple. Its fragrance and taste are often associated with fresh orange juice, and thus it is most commonly used as orange flavoring. It can be produced by the reaction of butanoic acid with ethanol in the presence of an acid catalyst (H+H+): CH3CH2CH2CO2H(l)+CH2CH3OH(l)H+⟶CH3CH2CH2CO2CH2CH3(l)+H2O(l) Part A Given 7.30 gg of butanoic acid and excess ethanol, how many grams of ethyl butyrate would be synthesized, assuming a complete 100%% yield? Express your answer in grams to three significant figures. Part B A chemist ran the reaction and obtained 5.95 gg of ethyl butyrate. What was the percent yield? Express your answer as a percent to three significant figures. Part C The chemist discovers a more efficient catalyst that can produce ethyl butyrate with a 78.0%% yield. How many grams would be produced from 7.30 gg of…

Explain why methyl trifluoroacetate, CF3CO2CH3, is more reactive than methyl acetate, CH3CO2CH3, in nucleophilic acyl substitution reactions.

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 19, Problem 19.65SP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The lactone group in each structure that merits the classification as macrolides is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Erythromycin A is an antibiotic drug used in the treatment of many bacterial infections especially which causes infections on the skin and respiratory tract. Azithromycin is another antibiotic drug useful in the treatment of bacterial infections like ear infections, pneumonia and intestinal infections.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The functional groups circled in the compound are to be identified and their explanation is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Erythromycin A is an antibiotic drug used in the treatment of many bacterial infections especially which causes infections on the skin and respiratory tract. Azithromycin is another antibiotic drug useful in the treatment of bacterial infections like ear infections, pneumonia and intestinal infections.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The ketone in erythromycin targeted by bacteria as the site for detoxification is to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Erythromycin A is an antibiotic drug used in the treatment of many bacterial infections especially which causes infections on the skin and respiratory tract. Azithromycin is another antibiotic drug useful in the treatment of bacterial infections like ear infections, pneumonia and intestinal infections.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The amine in azithromycin and its type is to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Erythromycin A is an antibiotic drug used in the treatment of many bacterial infections especially which causes infections on the skin and respiratory tract. Azithromycin is another antibiotic drug useful in the treatment of bacterial infections like ear infections, pneumonia and intestinal infections.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reason as to why an amine is considered as a good choice to be the “chemical opposite of a ketone” is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Erythromycin A is an antibiotic drug used in the treatment of many bacterial infections especially which causes infections on the skin and respiratory tract. Azithromycin is another antibiotic drug useful in the treatment of bacterial infections like ear infections, pneumonia and intestinal infections.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 19, Problem 19.65SP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The lactone group in each structure that merits the classification as macrolides is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Erythromycin A is an antibiotic drug used in the treatment of many bacterial infections especially which causes infections on the skin and respiratory tract. Azithromycin is another antibiotic drug useful in the treatment of bacterial infections like ear infections, pneumonia and intestinal infections.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The functional groups circled in the compound are to be identified and their explanation is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Erythromycin A is an antibiotic drug used in the treatment of many bacterial infections especially which causes infections on the skin and respiratory tract. Azithromycin is another antibiotic drug useful in the treatment of bacterial infections like ear infections, pneumonia and intestinal infections.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The ketone in erythromycin targeted by bacteria as the site for detoxification is to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Erythromycin A is an antibiotic drug used in the treatment of many bacterial infections especially which causes infections on the skin and respiratory tract. Azithromycin is another antibiotic drug useful in the treatment of bacterial infections like ear infections, pneumonia and intestinal infections.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The amine in azithromycin and its type is to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Erythromycin A is an antibiotic drug used in the treatment of many bacterial infections especially which causes infections on the skin and respiratory tract. Azithromycin is another antibiotic drug useful in the treatment of bacterial infections like ear infections, pneumonia and intestinal infections.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reason as to why an amine is considered as a good choice to be the “chemical opposite of a ketone” is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Erythromycin A is an antibiotic drug used in the treatment of many bacterial infections especially which causes infections on the skin and respiratory tract. Azithromycin is another antibiotic drug useful in the treatment of bacterial infections like ear infections, pneumonia and intestinal infections.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 19, Problem 19.65SP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The lactone group in each structure that merits the classification as macrolides is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Erythromycin A is an antibiotic drug used in the treatment of many bacterial infections especially which causes infections on the skin and respiratory tract. Azithromycin is another antibiotic drug useful in the treatment of bacterial infections like ear infections, pneumonia and intestinal infections.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The functional groups circled in the compound are to be identified and their explanation is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Erythromycin A is an antibiotic drug used in the treatment of many bacterial infections especially which causes infections on the skin and respiratory tract. Azithromycin is another antibiotic drug useful in the treatment of bacterial infections like ear infections, pneumonia and intestinal infections.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The ketone in erythromycin targeted by bacteria as the site for detoxification is to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Erythromycin A is an antibiotic drug used in the treatment of many bacterial infections especially which causes infections on the skin and respiratory tract. Azithromycin is another antibiotic drug useful in the treatment of bacterial infections like ear infections, pneumonia and intestinal infections.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The amine in azithromycin and its type is to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Erythromycin A is an antibiotic drug used in the treatment of many bacterial infections especially which causes infections on the skin and respiratory tract. Azithromycin is another antibiotic drug useful in the treatment of bacterial infections like ear infections, pneumonia and intestinal infections.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reason as to why an amine is considered as a good choice to be the “chemical opposite of a ketone” is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Erythromycin A is an antibiotic drug used in the treatment of many bacterial infections especially which causes infections on the skin and respiratory tract. Azithromycin is another antibiotic drug useful in the treatment of bacterial infections like ear infections, pneumonia and intestinal infections.

Expert Solution & Answer

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Answer 5

Chapter 19, Problem 19.65SP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The lactone group in each structure that merits the classification as macrolides is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Erythromycin A is an antibiotic drug used in the treatment of many bacterial infections especially which causes infections on the skin and respiratory tract. Azithromycin is another antibiotic drug useful in the treatment of bacterial infections like ear infections, pneumonia and intestinal infections.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The functional groups circled in the compound are to be identified and their explanation is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Erythromycin A is an antibiotic drug used in the treatment of many bacterial infections especially which causes infections on the skin and respiratory tract. Azithromycin is another antibiotic drug useful in the treatment of bacterial infections like ear infections, pneumonia and intestinal infections.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The ketone in erythromycin targeted by bacteria as the site for detoxification is to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Erythromycin A is an antibiotic drug used in the treatment of many bacterial infections especially which causes infections on the skin and respiratory tract. Azithromycin is another antibiotic drug useful in the treatment of bacterial infections like ear infections, pneumonia and intestinal infections.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The amine in azithromycin and its type is to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Erythromycin A is an antibiotic drug used in the treatment of many bacterial infections especially which causes infections on the skin and respiratory tract. Azithromycin is another antibiotic drug useful in the treatment of bacterial infections like ear infections, pneumonia and intestinal infections.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reason as to why an amine is considered as a good choice to be the “chemical opposite of a ketone” is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Erythromycin A is an antibiotic drug used in the treatment of many bacterial infections especially which causes infections on the skin and respiratory tract. Azithromycin is another antibiotic drug useful in the treatment of bacterial infections like ear infections, pneumonia and intestinal infections.

Answer 6

Chapter 19, Problem 19.65SP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The lactone group in each structure that merits the classification as macrolides is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Erythromycin A is an antibiotic drug used in the treatment of many bacterial infections especially which causes infections on the skin and respiratory tract. Azithromycin is another antibiotic drug useful in the treatment of bacterial infections like ear infections, pneumonia and intestinal infections.

Answer 7

Chapter 19, Problem 19.65SP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The lactone group in each structure that merits the classification as macrolides is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Erythromycin A is an antibiotic drug used in the treatment of many bacterial infections especially which causes infections on the skin and respiratory tract. Azithromycin is another antibiotic drug useful in the treatment of bacterial infections like ear infections, pneumonia and intestinal infections.

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The functional groups circled in the compound are to be identified and their explanation is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Erythromycin A is an antibiotic drug used in the treatment of many bacterial infections especially which causes infections on the skin and respiratory tract. Azithromycin is another antibiotic drug useful in the treatment of bacterial infections like ear infections, pneumonia and intestinal infections.

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The functional groups circled in the compound are to be identified and their explanation is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Erythromycin A is an antibiotic drug used in the treatment of many bacterial infections especially which causes infections on the skin and respiratory tract. Azithromycin is another antibiotic drug useful in the treatment of bacterial infections like ear infections, pneumonia and intestinal infections.

Answer 10

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The ketone in erythromycin targeted by bacteria as the site for detoxification is to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Erythromycin A is an antibiotic drug used in the treatment of many bacterial infections especially which causes infections on the skin and respiratory tract. Azithromycin is another antibiotic drug useful in the treatment of bacterial infections like ear infections, pneumonia and intestinal infections.

Answer 11

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The ketone in erythromycin targeted by bacteria as the site for detoxification is to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Erythromycin A is an antibiotic drug used in the treatment of many bacterial infections especially which causes infections on the skin and respiratory tract. Azithromycin is another antibiotic drug useful in the treatment of bacterial infections like ear infections, pneumonia and intestinal infections.

Answer 12

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The amine in azithromycin and its type is to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Erythromycin A is an antibiotic drug used in the treatment of many bacterial infections especially which causes infections on the skin and respiratory tract. Azithromycin is another antibiotic drug useful in the treatment of bacterial infections like ear infections, pneumonia and intestinal infections.

Answer 13

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The amine in azithromycin and its type is to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Erythromycin A is an antibiotic drug used in the treatment of many bacterial infections especially which causes infections on the skin and respiratory tract. Azithromycin is another antibiotic drug useful in the treatment of bacterial infections like ear infections, pneumonia and intestinal infections.

Answer 14

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reason as to why an amine is considered as a good choice to be the “chemical opposite of a ketone” is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Erythromycin A is an antibiotic drug used in the treatment of many bacterial infections especially which causes infections on the skin and respiratory tract. Azithromycin is another antibiotic drug useful in the treatment of bacterial infections like ear infections, pneumonia and intestinal infections.

Answer 15

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reason as to why an amine is considered as a good choice to be the “chemical opposite of a ketone” is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Erythromycin A is an antibiotic drug used in the treatment of many bacterial infections especially which causes infections on the skin and respiratory tract. Azithromycin is another antibiotic drug useful in the treatment of bacterial infections like ear infections, pneumonia and intestinal infections.

Answer 16

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Answer 17

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Answer 18

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Answer 19

Ch. 19.2A - Prob. 19.1P Ch. 19.2B - Prob. 19.2P Ch. 19.2B - Give correct names for the following amines:Ch. 19.3 - Prob. 19.4P Ch. 19.4 - Prob. 19.5P Ch. 19.6 - Rank each set of compounds in order of increasing...Ch. 19.8A - Prob. 19.7P Ch. 19.8C - Prob. 19.8P Ch. 19.8C - Prob. 19.9P Ch. 19.8D - a. Show how fragmentation occurs to give the base...

Solution Summary: The author explains that the lactone group in each structure that merits the classification as macrolides is to be stated.

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Chapter 19 Solutions