Principles of Biology
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781259875120
Author: Robert Brooker, Eric P. Widmaier Dr., Linda Graham Dr. Ph.D., Peter Stiling Dr. Ph.D.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Textbook Question
Chapter 18.4, Problem 2TYK
The members of a gene family
- are called paralogs.
- have similar but not identical DNA sequences.
- usually carry out similar functions.
- all of the above.
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Several different nucleic acids are involved
in the process of getting a protein
produced from a gene. DNA contains the
"genetic code" for the protein. DNA is
double-stranded, but only one strand is
transcribed into MRNA. The MRNA then
goes into the cytoplasm where it is
translated into protein with the help of
TRNA. At each stage of the process, there is
base complementarity (A pairs with T/U
and C pairs with G) between the nucleic
acids involved to ensure the integrity of
the DNA blueprint for the protein being
produced. Therefore, some of the four
strands of nucleic acids involved will
match (except U replaces T in RNA) and
some will have base complementarity.
Indicate whether there is matching (1) or
base complementarity (2) between the
following nucleic acids.
DNA sense strand and MRNA
DNA sense strand and tRNA
DNA antisense strand and
MRNA
MRNA and TRNA
A mutation can be defined as a change in an organism's
transcription.
phenotype.
genotype.
proteins.
Draw and label an rRNA (ribosome). Make sure to describe any special features/parts.
Draw and label a tRNA molecule. Make sure to describe any special features/parts.
Chapter 18 Solutions
Principles of Biology
Ch. 18.1 - In the procedure shown in this figure, has the...Ch. 18.1 - Refer back to Figure 9.16. Why are primers needed...Ch. 18.1 - Prob. 2CCCh. 18.1 - Prob. 3CCCh. 18.1 - Prob. 4CCCh. 18.1 - Prob. 2BCCh. 18.1 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 18.1 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 18.1 - Prob. 3TYKCh. 18.2 - Prob. 1CC
Ch. 18.2 - Prob. 2CCCh. 18.2 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 18.2 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 18.2 - Prob. 3CCCh. 18.3 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 18.4 - Prob. 1CCCh. 18.4 - Prob. 1BCCh. 18.4 - The sizes of eukaryotic genomes vary because more...Ch. 18.4 - The members of a gene family are called paralogs....Ch. 18.5 - Prob. 1CCCh. 18.5 - Based on their mechanism of movement, which type...Ch. 18.5 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 18.5 - A segment of DNA that moves via an RNA...Ch. 18 - Prob. 1TYCh. 18 - Prob. 2TYCh. 18 - Lets suppose you followed the protocols described...Ch. 18 - Prob. 4TYCh. 18 - Lets suppose you want to clone a gene that has...Ch. 18 - In the CRISPR-Cas technology used for mutating...Ch. 18 - Prob. 7TYCh. 18 - Prob. 8TYCh. 18 - Prob. 9TYCh. 18 - Prob. 10TYCh. 18 - Draw the structure of a dideoxyribonucleotide...Ch. 18 - Prob. 2CCQCh. 18 - Prob. 3CCQCh. 18 - Identify and discuss three important advances that...Ch. 18 - Prob. 2CBQ
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- mRNA and tRNA are involved in producing proteins from genes in the DNA. One codon consisting of 3 nucleotides corresponds to an amino acid in the protein that gets built. It is important to understand the relationship between the following nucleic acids: DNA template and mRNA strands are (the same or complementary) DNA template and tRNA anticodon strands are (the same or complementary) DNA non-template and mRNA strands are (the same or complementary) DNA non-template and tRNA anticodon strands are (the same or complementary) DNA template and DNA non-template strands are (the same or complementary) mRNA and tRNA anticodon strands are (the same or complementary)arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements is NOT TRUE? Genes are never simultaneously transcribed and translated in Eukaryotes. Both Eukaryotes and bacteria have rRNA and tRNA genes. The lac mRNA in bacteria encodes multiple proteins. There are many different definitions of gene. All of the above are truearrow_forwardWhat type of enzyme would you need to insert a functional gene in a particular part of the genome? A nuclease that makes staggered cuts A polymerase that recognizes particular DNA sequences A nuclease that makes blunt cuts ⒸA polymerase that can copy the required sequencearrow_forward
- What type of enzyme would you need to insert a functional gene in a particular part of the genome? A nuclease that makes staggered cuts A polymerase that recognizes particular DNA sequences A nuclease that makes blunt cuts A polymerase that can copy the required sequencearrow_forwardWhich of the following mutations near the beginning of a gene likely results in numerous amino acid changes in the resulting protein? insertion of three consecutive nucleotides. deletion of three consecutive nucleotides replacement of two consecutive nucleotides with two other nucleotides replacement of one nucleotide for another nucleotide insertion of two consecutive nucleotidesarrow_forwardWhen DNA is being copied and a mistake is made while copying a gene, all of the following can result except: -The same protein that was originally supposed to be made is still made -A different protein can be made and will function differently -A non-functional protein can be made -Two proteins can be madearrow_forward
- Which of the following mutations would be most likely to have the most negative effect on the functioning of a protein produced by the gene? Group of answer choices a deletion of one nucleotide at the beginning of the coding sequence a substitution of one nucleotide at the beginning of the coding sequence an insertion of three nucleotides near the end of the coding sequence a substitution of one nucleotide near the end of the coding sequencearrow_forwardWhich of the following is the definition of a gene? RNA that delivers amino acids to a ribosome during translation RNA that carries a protein-building message A unit of information encoded in the sequence of nucleotide bases in DNA The RNA component of ribosomesarrow_forwardThe genetic code is said to be "degenerate" because: There are more amino acids than codons. Different organisms use different codons to encode the same amino acid. There are more codons than amino acids. Some codons specify more than one amino acid. There are more tRNAs than amino acids.arrow_forward
- For questions 1-4, fill in the DNA, mRNA and/or protein sequence.... For questions 1-4, fill in the DNA, mRNA and/or protein sequence. Fill in the DNA and mRNA three nucleotides (one codon) at a time. Fill in the protein sequence by typing in the amino acid found in the genetic code table. Type in the three letter abbreviation. For example, type in "Met" instead of "Methioine". For the stop codon, type in "stop". Capitalization doesn't matter when filling in the sequences of the amino acids. You will need to have a copy of the genetic code handy when completing this activity. Remember The two DNA strands must be complementary. That is, A pairs with T and C pairs with G. The template strand of DNA is transcribed into mRNA using our base-pairing rules. When making RNA, U is used in place of T. This means that if there is an A in the template DNA strand, there will be a U in the mRNA strand. Each codon (3 nucleotides) of the mRNA is translated into an amino acid to build a protein. Look…arrow_forwardWhich of the following describes forward genetics? Utilizing consensus regions within a genome to hypothesize the location of genes. Beginning with a phenotype and determining the genetic basis responsible for it. Performing sequence comparison between normal and diseased samples to identify genetic alterations specific to each sample type. Beginning with a gene and determining the phenotypic impact of mutating it. To move from the 5' to the 3'direction within a chromosomal sequence in order to systematically characterize the structure of the genome.arrow_forwardDNA footprinting is a technique that can be used to identify: A region of DNA that has been damaged by mutation. The position of a particular gene of a chromosome. Whether a protein binds to a specific DNA sequence. The position of internally double-stranded regions in a single- stranded DNA molecule. The specific binding site of a repressor, polymerase, or other protein on the DNA.arrow_forward
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