Principles of Biology
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781259875120
Author: Robert Brooker, Eric P. Widmaier Dr., Linda Graham Dr. Ph.D., Peter Stiling Dr. Ph.D.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 18, Problem 2CCQ
Summary Introduction
To analyze:
To find the genome in different species.
Introduction:
A genome is defined as a complete set of chromosomes found in an individual. The genome contains complete hereditary information that is encoded in the DNA. In some viruses, genetic information is stored in RNA. For example, humans contain 23 sets of chromosomes, that is, a total of 46 chromosomes are found in a human cell.
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In apoptosis, a process of programmed cell death, the cell undergoes controlled degradation of cellular components including nuclear DNA
Researchers have noted that if the DNA is isolated from an apoptotic cell, it appears as distinct bands of multiples of approximately 145 bases
in length. Why does this occur?
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There is a specific DNase that digests DNA every 145 base pairs.
DNA sequences that appear every 145 base pairs allows for easier DNA breakage.
DNA that is wrapped around the histones is not being degraded.
DNA is coated with transcription factors every 145 base pairs.
Make a concept map that includes all of the terms below, and include illustrations of the central concepts. Draw arrows connecting the concepts as appropriate, and label the arrows to indicate the relationship between those concepts. Typically, nouns will be the nodes of the map. Verbs and connecting ideas should be written on the connecting arrows. Illustrations of the central phenomena (replication, transcription, translation) are mandatory, and you must develop your own pictures. You can draw them by hand or use a computer illustrating program to draw, but you may not screenshot images from the internet.
DNA
RNA
protein
replicates
transcribes
translates
DNA Polymerase
RNA Polymerase
Sigma factor
dNTP
rNTP
ribosome
supercoiling
gyrase
origin of replication / OriC
aminocoumarins
gene
operon
promoter
operator
ORF (open reading frame)
lacZ
lacI
lactose
glucose
Beta-galactosidase
LacI
30S
50S
70S
mRNA
tRNA
rRNA
aminoglycoside
macrolide
chloramphenicol
rifampin
RBS (ribosome binding…
Which of the following is not true about scaffolds in a genome assembly?
Group of answer choices
Every base position in a scaffold has a known nucleotide sequence.
Scaffolds are made up of contigs.
Scaffolds may correspond to an entire chromosome arm or may be smaller.
The creation of scaffolds requires a genetic map.
Chapter 18 Solutions
Principles of Biology
Ch. 18.1 - In the procedure shown in this figure, has the...Ch. 18.1 - Refer back to Figure 9.16. Why are primers needed...Ch. 18.1 - Prob. 2CCCh. 18.1 - Prob. 3CCCh. 18.1 - Prob. 4CCCh. 18.1 - Prob. 2BCCh. 18.1 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 18.1 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 18.1 - Prob. 3TYKCh. 18.2 - Prob. 1CC
Ch. 18.2 - Prob. 2CCCh. 18.2 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 18.2 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 18.2 - Prob. 3CCCh. 18.3 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 18.4 - Prob. 1CCCh. 18.4 - Prob. 1BCCh. 18.4 - The sizes of eukaryotic genomes vary because more...Ch. 18.4 - The members of a gene family are called paralogs....Ch. 18.5 - Prob. 1CCCh. 18.5 - Based on their mechanism of movement, which type...Ch. 18.5 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 18.5 - A segment of DNA that moves via an RNA...Ch. 18 - Prob. 1TYCh. 18 - Prob. 2TYCh. 18 - Lets suppose you followed the protocols described...Ch. 18 - Prob. 4TYCh. 18 - Lets suppose you want to clone a gene that has...Ch. 18 - In the CRISPR-Cas technology used for mutating...Ch. 18 - Prob. 7TYCh. 18 - Prob. 8TYCh. 18 - Prob. 9TYCh. 18 - Prob. 10TYCh. 18 - Draw the structure of a dideoxyribonucleotide...Ch. 18 - Prob. 2CCQCh. 18 - Prob. 3CCQCh. 18 - Identify and discuss three important advances that...Ch. 18 - Prob. 2CBQ
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- A set of cells that host various DNA fragments collectively representing an organisms entire set of genetic information is called a _______ . a. genome c. genomic library b. clone d. GMOarrow_forwardHow does DNA replication occur in a precise manner to ensure that identical genetic information is put into the new chromatid? See Figures 8.12 and 8.13. FIGURE 8.12 In DNA replication, the two polynucleotide strands uncoil, and each is a template for synthesizing a new strand. A replicated DNA molecule contains one new strand and one old strand. This mechanism is called semiconservative replication. FIGURE 8.13 A close-up look at the process of DNA replication. (a) As the strands uncoil, bases are added to the newly synthesized strand by complementary base pairing with bases in the template strand. The new bases are linked together by DNA polymerase. (b) DNA synthesis can proceed only in the 5 3 direction; newly synthesized DNA on one template strand is made in short segments and linked together by the enzyme DNA ligase.arrow_forwardThe genome of bacteria cells, eukaryotic cells, and viruses are all about the same size. True or Falsearrow_forward
- What is the DNA template of the following DNA coding: ATGGCTAACCTTGTAarrow_forwardWhich of the following are major differences between DNA and RNA polymerases? RNA polymerase, but not DNA polymerase, requires a primer to begin synthesizing the nucleic acid polymer DNA polymerase, but not RNA polymerase, requires a primer to begin synthesizing the nucleic acid polymer RNA polymerase, but not DNA polymerase, is unique to eukaryotic cells DNA polymerase, but not RNA polymerase, is unique to eukaryotic cells DNA polymerase is involved in replication; RNA polymerase is involved in transcription 00arrow_forwardWhich of the following is/are true of DNA general recombination? The process involves invasion of a single-stranded DNA with a free 3'-end into a DNA duplex with the same sequence (on one strand) The process involves formation and resolution of a Holliday structure. The process involves use of a restriction endonuclease. The process involves synthesis of DNA by DNA polymerase.arrow_forward
- Which statement best describes a genomic library? an initial amount of DNA can be multiplied into millions of copies a large collection of bacteria that are engineered to contain fragments of an organism's complete genome a collection of DNA sequences are arranged on a microscopic grid many small pieces of circular, double-stranded DNA that replicate independently of chromosomes contained in a nucleusarrow_forwardThis type of chromosomal rearrangement results in the gain of information. Duplication Inversion Translocation Insertionarrow_forwardWhich of the following processes of genetic information flow can occur under lab conditions, but has never been observed to occur under natural conditions (either in living cells or in viruses)? transcription of RNA from a DNA template (using DNA-dependent-RNA-polymerase) self-replication of RNA from an RNA template (using RNA-dependent-RNA-polymerase) direct-translation of protein from a DNA template (using special ribosomes) self-replication of DNA from a DNA template (using DNA-dependent-DNA-polymerase) translation of protein from an RNA template (using ordinary ribosomes)arrow_forward
- Define the following terms: Genome Bacteriophage λ DNAarrow_forwardShown below is a drawing showing the result of an experiment in which an RNA molecule is allowed to mix with genomic DNA that has been denatured by boiling, and the two molecules are allowed to hybridize. The DNA strand is presumed to be the lighter-shaded one on the top. Note that only one strand of DNA is shown. This result was the first evidence for which of the following processes? a Replication b Transcription c Translation d Splicingarrow_forwardWhat type of enzyme would you need to insert a functional gene in a particular part of the genome? A nuclease that makes staggered cuts A polymerase that recognizes particular DNA sequences A nuclease that makes blunt cuts ⒸA polymerase that can copy the required sequencearrow_forward
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