Introductory Chemistry: Concepts and Critical Thinking (8th Edition)
8th Edition
ISBN: 9780134421377
Author: Charles H Corwin
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 12, Problem 64E
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation:
The electron dot formula for
The coordinate covalent bond in
Concept introduction:
The electron dot formula also known as the Lewis structure is the formula that shows the valence electrons which forms the bond between the atoms in a molecule. The electron pairs that are shared by the atoms are known as bonding electrons and the other electrons that are present in order to complete the octet are known as non-bonding electrons.
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Draw the Lewis structure for the N H 4 + ion.
Galium (Ga) is an element in group III with atomic number 31. By referring to the Periodic Table, answer the following questions.
Explain how the atomic radius of gallium differs from aluminium.
Explain how the electronegativity of gallium differs from aluminium.
Explain how the electronegativity of gallium differs from germanium.
Explain how the ionisation energy of gallium differs from germanium.
Explain how the ionisation energy of gallium differs from indium.
Answer the following questions that relate to the chemistry of nitrogen.
(a) Two nitrogen atoms combine to form a nitrogen molecule, as represented by the following equation.
2 N(g) ® N2(g)
Using the table of average bond energies below, determine the enthalpy change, AH, for the reaction.
Average Bond
Energy (k) mol-1)
Bond
N-N
160
N=N
420
N°N
950
(b) The reaction between nitrogen and hydrogen to form ammonia is represented below.
N2(g) + 3 H2(g)® 2 NH3(g)
AH° = -92.2 kJ
Predict the sign of the standard entropy change, AS', for the reaction. Justify your answer.
(C) The value of AG° for the reaction represented in part (b) is negative at low temperatures but positive at high temperatures. Explain.
Chapter 12 Solutions
Introductory Chemistry: Concepts and Critical Thinking (8th Edition)
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- What element should be assigned as the central atom in the covalent arrangement of ammonia?arrow_forwardThis Lewis Structure is incorrect because [Ca]+ [:O:]- The metal should be negative and the nonmetal should be positive The metal should have a +2 charge and the nonmetal should have a -2 charge The metal should have 2 electrons O around it and the nonmetal should have 6 electrons around it There is nothing wrong with the Lewis Structure 2.arrow_forwardWhich atom in the C-F bond has a partial negative charge (δ⁻)?arrow_forward
- The following Lewis diagram represents the valence electron configuration of a main-group element. This element is in group [VIIA(17) According to the octet rule, this element would be expected to form an ion with a charge of 1- If X is in period 4, the ion formed has the same electron configuration as the noble gas The symbol for the ion isarrow_forwardWrite the Lewis structure for nitric acid in which the three O atoms are bonded to the central N atom and the ionizable H atom is bonded to one of the O atom.arrow_forwardDraw all of the Lewis structures of O22- which obey the octet rule and use this Lewis structure or these resonance structures to predict how many covalent bonds connect each oxygen atom in the real structure to the central O atom. Assume that the octet rule is followed for the O atom when you draw your structure(s). Pick the correct statement from the choices below. a) Each oxygen atom is connected to the central O atom with 1 covalent bonds. b) Each oxygen atom is connected to the central O atom with 1.33 covalent bonds. c) Each oxygen atom is connected to the central O atom with 2 covalent bonds. d) Each oxygen atom is connected to the central O atom with 1.67 covalent bonds. e) Each oxygen atom is connected to the central O atom with 1.25 covalent bonds.arrow_forward
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