(a)
Interpretation:
Whether the sum of
Concept introduction:
Covalent bond is formed by the sharing of electrons between the two non metal atoms. The difference between the two nuclei of different atom is known as bond length. The energy is released when two atoms form a covalent bond.
(b)
Interpretation:
Whether the sum of
Concept introduction:
Covalent bond is formed by the sharing of electrons between the two non metal atoms. The difference between the two nuclei of different atom is known as bond length. The energy is released when two atoms form a covalent bond.
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Introductory Chemistry: Concepts and Critical Thinking (8th Edition)
- Illustrated are four ions — A, B, X, and Y— showing their relativeionic radii. The ions shown in red carry positive charges: a2+ charge for A and a 1+ charge for B. Ions shown in blue carrynegative charges: a 1- charge for X and a 2- charge for Y.(a) Which combinations of these ions produce ionic compoundswhere there is a 1:1 ratio of cations and anions?(b) Among the combinations in part (a), which leads tothe ionic compound having the largest lattice energy?arrow_forwardWrite the electron configuration for the monatomic ions formed from the following elements (which form the greatest concentration of monatomic ions in seawater):(a) Cl(b) Na(c) Mg(d) Ca(e) K(f) Br(g) Sr(h) Farrow_forwardThe work function (Φ) of a metal is the minimum energy needed to remove an electron from its surface. (a) Is it easier toremove an electron from a gaseous silver atom or from the sur-face of solid silver (Φ=7.59X10⁻¹⁹J; IE =731 kJ/mol)? (b) Explain the results in terms of the electron-sea model ofmetallic bondingarrow_forward
- Using Lewis electron-dot symbols to depict the monatomic ions formed from each of the following reactants, predict the formula of the compound the ions produce.(Type your answer using the format CO2 for CO2.) (a) O and Ca (b) N and Mg (c) Br and Li (d) K and Parrow_forwardPredict the chemical formulas of the compounds formed bythe following pairs of ions: (a) Fe3+ and O2- , (b) NH4+ and PO43-(c) Ag and N , (d) Ca and Br, (e) Sr and Clarrow_forwardFor two adjacent ions, the net potential energy is: А В + rn EN - - r where A, B and n are constants, r is in nm and E is in eV. (a) Find the expression for the bonding energy Eg in terms of A, B and n. (b) For two pairs of ions, with A = 1.436, B = 5.86 x 106 and n = 9, solve for ro and Eg.arrow_forward
- Item 5 Answer the following questions related to the chemical bonding in substances containing Cl. (a) What type of chemical bond is present in the Cl2 molecule? (b) Cl2 reacts with the element Sr to form an ionic compound. Based on periodic properties, identify a molecule, X2, that is likely to react with Sr in a way similar to how Cl2 reacts with Sr. Justify your choice. (c) A graph of potential energy versus internuclear distance for two Cl atoms is given below. On the same graph, carefully sketch a curve that corresponds to potential energy versus internuclear distance for two Br atoms. (d) In the box below, draw a complete Lewis electron-dot diagram for the C2Cl4 molecule. (e) Answer the following based on the diagram you drew above. (i) What is the hybridization of the CC atoms in C2Cl4? (ii) What is the approximate chlorine-carbon-chlorine bond angle in C2Cl4? (iii) Is the C2Cl4 molecule…arrow_forwardWithout consulting any tables, arrange the following sub- stances in order and explain your choice of order: (a) Mg²+, Ar, Br¯, Ca²* in order of increasing radius (b) Na, Na*, O, Ne in order of increasing ionization energy (c) H, F, Al, O in order of increasing electronegativityarrow_forwardThe ionization energy of lithium is 520.2 kJ/mole, and the electron affinity of hydrogen is 72.8 kJ/mole.(a) Find the separation distance in LiH at which the Coulomb potential energy equals the energy cost of removing an electron from Li and adding it to H.(b) The measured electric dipole moment of the molecule LiH is 2.00 × 10^−29 C · m. What is the fractional ionic character of LiH?(c) Instead of removing an electron from Li and attaching it to H, we could regard the formation of LiH as occurring by removing an electron from H and attaching it to Li (electron affinity = 59.6 kJ/mole). Why don’t we consider this as the formation process?arrow_forward
- For many years after they were discovered, it was believed that the noble gases could not form compounds. Now we know that belief to be incorrect. A mixture of xenon and fluorine gases, confined in a quartz bulb and placed on a windowsill, is found to slowly produce a white solid. Analysis of the compound indicates that it contains 77.55% Xe and 22.45% F by mass.(a) What is the formula of the compound?(b) Write a Lewis structure for the compound.(c) Predict the shape of the molecules of the compound.(d) What hybridization is consistent with the shape you predicted?arrow_forward(c) Theoretically, define the following elements in the formulae belowPth = ρghq x ŋarrow_forward17) The first three ionization energy of an element X are 590, 1145, and 4912 kJ•mol^-1. What is the most likely formula for the stable ion of X? arrow_forward
- Chemistry: The Molecular ScienceChemistryISBN:9781285199047Author:John W. Moore, Conrad L. StanitskiPublisher:Cengage Learning