Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781305389892
Author: Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Question
Chapter 9, Problem 4TYK
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
Tyrosine kinase is a receptor present in the plasma membrane. When these are bound by signals, receptors cause the autophosphorylation of protein kinases that results in its activation. These activated tyrosine kinases provide sites for binding of intracellular receptor, which then initiates the cascade and produces response.
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Students have asked these similar questions
Antibodies are effective against bacteria as well as viruses, but some bacteria produce an enzyme that cuts immunoglobulin G molecules right at the “bend” to separate each antigen-binding “arm” from the “stem.”
(a) What type of bond is broken by the bacterial enzyme and what type of reaction does this enzyme catalyze?
(b) Would the action of the bacterial enzyme affect the ability of immunoglobulins to cross-link bacterial cells?.
The cells illustrated below are examples of:
Choose from the following:
(A) potential antigen-presenting cells
(B) potential cells active in humoral immunity (synthesizing antibodies)
(C) potential cells active in cell-mediated immunity (T lymphocytes
(D) potential reticular cells
In the antibody-mediated immune response, the binding of some antigen-presenting B
cells to helper T cells initiates a signal transduction pathway that transforms the B cells into
plasma cells, which will synthesize and secrete large quantities of antibodies-a specialized
subset of proteins responsible for attaching to the antigen on the outer surface of
pathogens.
Which of the following describes the most relevant intracellular change to B cells as they
are transformed into plasma cells?
A
B
a breakdown of some membrane-bound proteins to allow synthesized antibodies to
more readily diffuse across the membrane of the plasma cell
с
an increase in the surface area of the rough endoplasmic reticulum in order to allow the
binding of a large number of ribosomes for antibody synthesis
D
an increase in the number of lysosomes in order to facilitate the storage of synthesized
antibodies ahead of their transport out of the cell
an increase in the volume of the mitochondria in order to increase…
Chapter 9 Solutions
Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 9.1 - What accounts for the specificity of a cellular...Ch. 9.2 - Prob. 1SBCh. 9.2 - Prob. 2SBCh. 9.3 - Prob. 1SBCh. 9.3 - Prob. 2SBCh. 9.3 - Prob. 3SBCh. 9.3 - Prob. 4SBCh. 9.3 - Prob. 5SBCh. 9.3 - Prob. 6SBCh. 9.4 - What distinguishes a steroid receptor from a...
Ch. 9.4 - By what means does a specific steroid hormone...Ch. 9.5 - Prob. 1SBCh. 9 - In signal transduction, which of the following is...Ch. 9 - Which of the following could not elicit a signal...Ch. 9 - A cell that responds to a signaling molecule is...Ch. 9 - Prob. 4TYKCh. 9 - Prob. 5TYKCh. 9 - Which of the following is incorrect about pathways...Ch. 9 - Which of the following would not inhibit signal...Ch. 9 - Prob. 8TYKCh. 9 - Prob. 9TYKCh. 9 - Prob. 10TYKCh. 9 - Discuss Concepts Describe the possible ways in...Ch. 9 - Discuss Concepts Is providing extra insulin an...Ch. 9 - Discuss Concepts There are molecules called GTP...Ch. 9 - Discuss Concepts Why do you suppose cells evolved...Ch. 9 - How would you set up an experiment to determine...Ch. 9 - Prob. 16TYKCh. 9 - Prob. 1ITDCh. 9 - Prob. 2ITDCh. 9 - Prob. 3ITD
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- Name 3 cytokines: (1) proinflammatory, (1) Th1 stimulator, and (1) Th2 stimulator) Name the cell source, target cell, and primary effect for eacharrow_forwardTumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) is an important cytokine used by immune cells to initiate and coordinate inflammatory responses. Inflammation is a key response to cell damage or infection, but can, in some diseases, spiral out of control and become more of a problem than the original cause (COVID-19 lung damage is a relevant example...). TNF-α receptors exist on many cell types. Let’s study the interaction between TNF-α (T) and its receptor (R), to form an activated complex C: T + R ↔ C A macrophage is measured to have ~105 TNF-α receptors on its surface. If the macrophage is immersed in a high concentration of TNF-α molecules (i.e. L0 ≅ L), how will the number of activated receptors change over time? Plot this trend for the case L0 =10 nM, kf=106 M-1 min-1, kr=0.1 min-1. There is constant ligand concentration and an initial condition of C0 = 0. We are given the constants needed to model the number of activated receptors over time and can use the following equation:arrow_forwardCTLs use the following membrane-bound protein interactions to “kill” a target cell through apoptosis: Question 8 options: A) IL-2/IL-2 receptor B) CD4/MHC II C) TCR/MHC II D) Fas/FasLarrow_forward
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