Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781305389892
Author: Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 9, Problem 3ITD
Summary Introduction
To review:
The organelle in which CFTR protein is held up in mutant cells.
Introduction:
Mucus secretion in lungs and
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8) Indicate which of the five major types of membrane protein (adhesion, enzymatic, recognition,
receptor, and transport) is most likely to be involved in each of the situations described below:
a) An oncologist wants to study the cells from a certain tumour that has been surgically removed
from a patient. However, she must first treat the tumour with a solution affects a membrane
protein on the tumour cells. Because of the effect of the solution on the membrane protein, the
tumour tissue falls apart into individual cells.
Type of membrane protein:
b) Farmer Jebediah wakes up in the morning and makes himself an extra-strong coffee. The
caffeine in the coffee attaches to a protein in the plasma membrane of his neurons, inducing a
signal transduction cascade and causing Farmer Jebediah to be more alert
Type of membrane protein:
You are investigating a lysosomal storage disease and you discover that newly synthesized lysosome hydrolases (proteins that should be sent to the lysosome) are secreted from the cells rather than being delivered to the lysosomes (where they should normally be located). What is the most likely explanation for this finding?
(Hint: what might be different about the proteins that would cause them to not end up in the correct location?)
A study is conducted to assess the molecular mechanisms of hormone X. A radioactively labeled form of this hormone is incubated with human cells in tissue culture for 30 minutes, and then incubated briefly with a cross-linking agent. The plasma membrane, cytosolic, and nuclear fractions are isolated from the cell lysate, and the subcellular proteins are separated from these fractions by gel electrophoresis. The only protein bound to the labeled hormone is identified in the new clear fraction. Hormone X is most likely which of the following?
Epinephrine
Glucagon
Growth hormone
Insulin
Thyroxine
Chapter 9 Solutions
Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 9.1 - What accounts for the specificity of a cellular...Ch. 9.2 - Prob. 1SBCh. 9.2 - Prob. 2SBCh. 9.3 - Prob. 1SBCh. 9.3 - Prob. 2SBCh. 9.3 - Prob. 3SBCh. 9.3 - Prob. 4SBCh. 9.3 - Prob. 5SBCh. 9.3 - Prob. 6SBCh. 9.4 - What distinguishes a steroid receptor from a...
Ch. 9.4 - By what means does a specific steroid hormone...Ch. 9.5 - Prob. 1SBCh. 9 - In signal transduction, which of the following is...Ch. 9 - Which of the following could not elicit a signal...Ch. 9 - A cell that responds to a signaling molecule is...Ch. 9 - Prob. 4TYKCh. 9 - Prob. 5TYKCh. 9 - Which of the following is incorrect about pathways...Ch. 9 - Which of the following would not inhibit signal...Ch. 9 - Prob. 8TYKCh. 9 - Prob. 9TYKCh. 9 - Prob. 10TYKCh. 9 - Discuss Concepts Describe the possible ways in...Ch. 9 - Discuss Concepts Is providing extra insulin an...Ch. 9 - Discuss Concepts There are molecules called GTP...Ch. 9 - Discuss Concepts Why do you suppose cells evolved...Ch. 9 - How would you set up an experiment to determine...Ch. 9 - Prob. 16TYKCh. 9 - Prob. 1ITDCh. 9 - Prob. 2ITDCh. 9 - Prob. 3ITD
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- List three potential organelle destinations for a free ribosome (cytosolic-produced) protein via transmembrane protein translocation:arrow_forwardCystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disorder caused by mutations in the CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane-conductance regulator) gene, which encodes the CFTR protein. The cells of the lining of the lungs contain high levels of the CFTR protein in their membranes. Normally, CFTR contains a chloride ion channel, which permits chloride ions to pass from inside the cells to the cells’ surfaces. The surface chloride ions are able to attract water in the lungs, allowing for the formation of a water layer on the cells’ surfaces. This thin water layer is necessary to allow the cilia, the tiny hairs on the surface of the lining cells to move back and forth easily. This motion permits the removal of mucus from the lungs. A particular error in the CFTR gene results in the replacement of the amino acid Phe with Ser at residue 508 of the CFTR protein. Individuals afflicted with CF most often experience the presence of thick, dry and sticky mucus in the lungs, leading to chronic infections and…arrow_forwardAs we learned when studying protein trafficking, proteins need a nuclear localization signal in order to move from the cytosol into the nucleus via the nuclear pore complex. Protein A contains a typical nuclear localization signal but surprisingly is usually found in the cytosol. When the cell is exposed to a certain hormone, protein A moves from the cytosol into the nucleus, where it turns on genes involved in cell division.When you purify protein A from cells that have not been treated with the hormone, you find that protein B is always complexed with it. To determine the function of protein B, you engineer cells lacking the gene for protein B. You compare normal and gene B deletion cells by separating and isolating the proteins found in the cytoplasm and those found in the nucleus. You then run these proteins on a protein electrophoresis gel to separate them by size. You identify the presence of protein A and protein B by looking for their characteristic bands on the gel (which is…arrow_forward
- The small, monomeric protein Rho has acquired a mutation by which it is constitutively activated and evenly distributed along with the cytoplasmic leaflet of the plasma membrane. Describe the effects this would have on cell crawling. A complete answer will include a description of normal Rho distribution and activation, an explanation of Rho function in cell crawling, and a thoughtful argument for an overall effect of the mutation on cell crawling that is based on the specific roles of Rho.arrow_forwardThe figure above shows the organization of a protein that will eventually reside in the plasma membrane. The boxes labeled 1 and 2 represent membrane-spanning sequences and the arrow represents a site of action of signal peptidase. Which of the following statements must be TRUE about this protein? O a) Most of this protein will project from the cytosolic side of the membrane. O b) The mature version of this protein will span the membrane twice. c) This is a multi-pass membrane protein. O d) The mature version of this protein will span the membrane once.arrow_forwardGenetic testing of a 29-month-old boy shows a mutation in the Phe residue at position 508 in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTCR) gene. Cultured skin fibroblasts from the boy contain an abnormal form of CFTCR protein bound to ubiquitin. Which of the following structures is the most likely site of elimination of these abnormal proteins in this patient? A) Endoplasmic reticulum B) Endosome C) Golgi complex D) Lysosome E) Proteasomearrow_forward
- A peripheral protein, which is not integral to the cell membrane, is also called: a multi-pass transmembrane protein (like band 3.0 protein) a single-pass transmembrane protein (like glycophorin A) a monolayer-associated protein (like the COX-1 protein) a protein-attached protein (like cytochrome c) a lipid-linked protein (like the Ras protein)arrow_forwardYou are interested in the mobility of two different unknown integral plasma membrane proteins—protein X and protein Y—in a cell. In one cell, you fluorescently label all the X proteins. In another cell, you label all the Y proteins. When you perform FRAP analysis on both cells, you find that most of the protein X fluorescence has recovered within 3 minutes, but recovery of the protein Y fluorescence is significantly slower. Even after 10 minutes, only 50% of the protein Y fluorescence has recovered. Describe the FRAP experimental protocol, explain what the results tell you about mobility of the X and Y proteins, and propose a possible explanation for why the mobilities of the two proteins differ.arrow_forwardFamilial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is an inherited disease characterized by high blood levels of cholesterol, xanthomas (lipid-laden nodules that develop under the skin near tendons), and early-onset atherosclerosis (the formation of yellowish plaques within arteries). In the milder form of this disease, patients have half the plasma membrane low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptors needed for cells to bind to and internalize LDL (a plasma lipoprotein particle that transports cholesterol and other lipids to tissues). These individuals have their first heart attacks in young adulthood. In the severe form of FH, in which affected individuals have no functional LDL receptors, heart attacks begin at about age 8, with death occurring a few years later. Based on what you have learned in this chapter, briefly describe the cellular processes that are defective in FH.arrow_forward
- Maintaining nuclear RanGTP levels is critical for nucleo-cytoplasmic transport. Describe how mutations that disrupt RanGEF function would affect the movement of proteins coming in and going out of the nucleus.arrow_forwardTransport of histidine into a bacterial cell was measured at several different histidine concentrations, see table below. Based on these data, is histidine uptake facilitated by a carrier or channel protein? a b Histidine (uM) 2.5 7 16 31 72 с Select an answer and submit. For keyboard navigation, use the up/down arrow keys to select an answer. A carrier protein because it becomes saturated. A carrier protein because it does not become saturated. A channel protein because it becomes saturated. Transport (uM/min) d A channel protein because it does not become saturated. 42.5 119 240 490 1000 X Your answerarrow_forwardAssume that during the process of creating the SHH protein an error was made. Instead of producing a 462-amino-acid-long protein, you only make a 20-amino-acid-long protein. Assume the error is detected in the Golgi apparatus. Will this protein be exported into the extracellular space? If your answer is no, what will happen to this protein?arrow_forward
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