(a)
Interpretation:
The electron-rich sites and electron-poor sites in the given elementary steps are to be identified.
Concept introduction:
An atom with partial or full negative charge is an electron-rich site whereas an atom with partial or full positive charge is an electron-poor site. In an elementary step, electrons tend to flow from an electron-rich site to an electron-poor site.
(b)
Interpretation:
In each of the given elementary steps, the appropriate curved arrows are to be drawn.
Concept introduction:
A curved arrow can be drawn from an electron-rich site to an electron-poor site to show the flow of electrons from electron-rich site to electron-poor site. The first curved arrow is drawn from the lone pair of negatively charged atom of electron-rich site to the less electronegative atom of electron-poor site. The second curved arrow is drawn from the region between the less electronegative atom and more electronegative atom towards the more electronegative atom indicating the breaking of the bond.
(c)
Interpretation:
The names of each elementary step are to be identified.
Concept introduction:
The coordination reaction is a Lewis acid-base reaction. A Lewis acid is an electron-pair acceptor, having an atom which lacks an octet. An electron-pair donor is a termed as a Lewis base. In a coordination step, the single curved arrow indicates the flow of electrons from an electron-rich site to an electron-poor site.
The elementary step that occurs with the breaking of a single bond, where both the electrons from that bond end up with one of the atoms initially involved in the bond, is called heterolysis step.
The elementary step in which a species containing a nonpolar
In electrophilic elimination reaction, the electrophile is eliminated from the carbocation, generating a stable, uncharged, organic species by forming a
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Chapter 7 Solutions
Organic Chemistry: Principles and Mechanisms (Second Edition)
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- Provide a mechanism for the intramolecular nucleophilic addition and elimination reaction shown here by providing the missing structures (including the final product) and curved arrows. The reaction resembles a Dieckmann condensation, except instead of two esters, the molecule contains an ester and a ketone. The ketone is more acidic and will be the nucleophile. Your structures should include all nonzero formal charges and lone pairs of electrons. When drawing the enolate place the negative charge on the carbon not the oxygen.arrow_forwardThe following reaction results in the formation of not one, not two, but seven (!) different compounds. In short, it is a tragic mess, but a good one for us to study. Propose a mechanism for the formation of each product. HINT: think about different possible resonance forms of the reactive intermediate, and recall that stereoisomers are different compoundsarrow_forwardDetermine the mechanism and product for the following reaction by adding atoms, bonds, nonbonding electron pairs, and curved arrows. Acid and water are added in the second step.arrow_forward
- Can you provide the full mechanism for this reaction including the two possible products that may form?arrow_forwardFollow the format of solving the problem where you should write the GIVEN, ASKED, SOLUTION, and ANSWER. Add curved arrows to the following reactions to indicate the flow of electrons for all of the bond-forming and bond-breaking steps.arrow_forwardORGANIC CHEMISTRY: Is this mechanism for dibenzalacetone formation complete? arrows and electrons, and formal charges?. If no, please provide the complete mechanism. From this mechanism in the picture, identify the intermediate benzalacetone.arrow_forward
- Draw a mechanism for the following reaction: Draw all missing reactants and/or products in appropriate boxes by placing atoms on a box and connecting them with bonds. Add charges where needed. Electron-flow arrows should start on the electron(s) of an atom or a bond and should end on an atom, bond, or location where a new bond should be created.arrow_forwardWhat does the mechanism of this reaction look like? Please include arrows, lone pairs, and formal chargearrow_forwardI understand where the proton transfer occurs but not what the products will look like. Can you draw curved arrows to show proton transfer and what the reaction products would look like? And explain which side is favored and whyarrow_forward
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