Using the appropriate bond energies, ΔH rxn 0 for the given reaction is to be estimated. The more stable form that is imine or enamine is to be determined. Concept introduction: Aldehydes and ketones can exist in two forms, i.e., keto-enol form. In the enol form, the species has a carbon atom that is simultaneously a part of a C = C bond, characteristic of an alkene and is bonded to OH, characteristic of an alcohol. In the keto form, the hydrogen atom attached to carbon atom that is adjacent to the C = O group, called alpha hydrogen. In a keto-enol tautomerization, the keto form is in equilibrium with its enol form via proton transfer steps. The imines can also exhibit this type of tautomerization. By calculating the energy of the molecule or the enthalpy of the reaction using bond energies, the stability of particular form (keto or enol) can be determined. The molecule having more enthalpy of reaction is more stable.

Question

Want to see the full answer?

Answer 1

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 7, Problem 7.45P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Using the appropriate bond energies, ΔHrxn0 for the given reaction is to be estimated. The more stable form that is imine or enamine is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Aldehydes and ketones can exist in two forms, i.e., keto-enol form. In the enol form, the species has a carbon atom that is simultaneously a part of a C = C bond, characteristic of an alkene and is bonded to OH, characteristic of an alcohol. In the keto form, the hydrogen atom attached to carbon atom that is adjacent to the C = O group, called alpha hydrogen. In a keto-enol tautomerization, the keto form is in equilibrium with its enol form via proton transfer steps. The imines can also exhibit this type of tautomerization. By calculating the energy of the molecule or the enthalpy of the reaction using bond energies, the stability of particular form (keto or enol) can be determined. The molecule having more enthalpy of reaction is more stable.

Expert Solution & Answer

Want to see the full answer?

Check out a sample textbook solution

See solution

Students have asked these similar questions

Ester formation and ester hydrolysis are exactly the same reaction only written in reverse. General reaction of ester formation: H*, heat R—с—он + Н—о—R' R—с—о-R' + H,O carboxylic acid alcohol carboxylic or phenol ester General reaction of ester hydrolysis: || R—с—OR' + H—оН R—с—оН +R—ОH ester carboxylic acid alcohol or phenol What determines which direction the reaction proceeds and what actually forms? o the boiling point of the carboxylic acid o the presence (or absence) of heat as well as the concentration of reactants and products o the molecular weight of reactants and products o the presence (or absence) of heat as well as the catalyst

Alkyl sulfonates undergo the same type of substitution reactions as alkyl halides and can also be prepared from alcohols. What advantage does the preparation of an alkyl sulfonate from an alcohol have over the preparation of an alkyl halide from an alcohol?

Esterication is the reaction of a carboxylic acid (RCOOH) with an alcohol (R'OH) to form an ester (RCOOR') with loss of water. Equation [1] is an example of an intermolecular esterication reaction. Equation [2] is an example of an intramolecular esterication reaction; that is, the carboxylic acid and alcohol are contained in the same starting material, forming a cyclic ester as product. The equilibrium constants for both reactions are given. Explain why Keq is different for these two apparently similar reactions.

Answer 2

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 7, Problem 7.45P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Using the appropriate bond energies, ΔHrxn0 for the given reaction is to be estimated. The more stable form that is imine or enamine is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Aldehydes and ketones can exist in two forms, i.e., keto-enol form. In the enol form, the species has a carbon atom that is simultaneously a part of a C = C bond, characteristic of an alkene and is bonded to OH, characteristic of an alcohol. In the keto form, the hydrogen atom attached to carbon atom that is adjacent to the C = O group, called alpha hydrogen. In a keto-enol tautomerization, the keto form is in equilibrium with its enol form via proton transfer steps. The imines can also exhibit this type of tautomerization. By calculating the energy of the molecule or the enthalpy of the reaction using bond energies, the stability of particular form (keto or enol) can be determined. The molecule having more enthalpy of reaction is more stable.

Expert Solution & Answer

Want to see the full answer?

Check out a sample textbook solution

See solution

Answer 3

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 7, Problem 7.45P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Using the appropriate bond energies, ΔHrxn0 for the given reaction is to be estimated. The more stable form that is imine or enamine is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Aldehydes and ketones can exist in two forms, i.e., keto-enol form. In the enol form, the species has a carbon atom that is simultaneously a part of a C = C bond, characteristic of an alkene and is bonded to OH, characteristic of an alcohol. In the keto form, the hydrogen atom attached to carbon atom that is adjacent to the C = O group, called alpha hydrogen. In a keto-enol tautomerization, the keto form is in equilibrium with its enol form via proton transfer steps. The imines can also exhibit this type of tautomerization. By calculating the energy of the molecule or the enthalpy of the reaction using bond energies, the stability of particular form (keto or enol) can be determined. The molecule having more enthalpy of reaction is more stable.

Expert Solution & Answer

Want to see the full answer?

Check out a sample textbook solution

See solution

Answer 4

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 7, Problem 7.45P

Interpretation Introduction