Principles of Biology
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781259875120
Author: Robert Brooker, Eric P. Widmaier Dr., Linda Graham Dr. Ph.D., Peter Stiling Dr. Ph.D.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 44.2, Problem 2TYK
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
English ecologist Charles Elton proposed the link between species richness and stability in 1950. He suggested that the disturbance in species-rich community would be cushioned by vast numbers of the interacting-species.
The disturbance would not produce a drastic effect on a species-poor community. Thus, an introduced
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Imagine a community of organisms in a forest is affected by a chemical spill that
leads to a fire. The fire is contained and burns out and the chemical spill is cleaned
up. Monitoring of the plant community following this disturbance researchers
noticed that after the spill and fire there was a sharp drop in species diversity,
abundance, and richness. Over the next 5 years the area was monitored. The
community's diversity, abundance, and richness all increased slightly during the first
year however after the first year only the abundance went up during the following 4
years with no changes in any other area. Which of the following models explains
these patterns?
Restructured
Gradual recovery
Hangover effect
Eliminated
A community that does not undergo further succession is an apex community. True or false?
What is the relationship between a pioneer species and primary succession?
A pioneer species is an invasive species that causes areas to experience primary succession.
There is not a relationship between a pioneer species and primary succession. The pioneer species only occurs in areas of secondary succession.
A pioneer species is important in an area of primary succession because it can grow and thrive in areas where most other species cannot.
A pioneer species only inhabits areas of primary succession.
Chapter 44 Solutions
Principles of Biology
Ch. 44.1 - Prob. 1CCCh. 44.1 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 44.1 - Lake Baikal in Siberia is an ancient, unglaciated...Ch. 44.1 - Prob. 3TYKCh. 44.2 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 44.2 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 44.3 - Why might ecologists think of walking thecoastline...Ch. 44.3 - Prob. 2CCCh. 44.3 - Which of the following are examples of secondary...Ch. 44.3 - In New England salt marshes, Spartina grass...
Ch. 44.3 - Prob. 3TYKCh. 44.4 - Prob. 1CCCh. 44.4 - Prob. 1BCCh. 44.4 - Prob. 2CCCh. 44.4 - Which is part of the original MacArthur-Wilson...Ch. 44.4 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 44.5 - In these two food chains, plants and...Ch. 44.5 - Prob. 1CCCh. 44.5 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 44.5 - Detritivores that feed on the dung of herbivores...Ch. 44.5 - Prob. 3TYKCh. 44.6 - Net primary production is the energy that passes...Ch. 44.6 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 44.6 - Most gross primary production is used in (by)...Ch. 44 - Prob. 1TYCh. 44 - Prob. 2TYCh. 44 - Prob. 3TYCh. 44 - Prob. 4TYCh. 44 - On which types of islands would you expect species...Ch. 44 - Prob. 6TYCh. 44 - Autotrophic organisms are primary consumers....Ch. 44 - Prob. 8TYCh. 44 - Prob. 9TYCh. 44 - The most highly productive terrestrial ecosystems...Ch. 44 - Prob. 1CCQCh. 44 - Prob. 2CCQCh. 44 - Prob. 3CCQCh. 44 - List some possible ecological disturbances, their...Ch. 44 - Prob. 2CBQ
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- What is happening to the forest of Madagascar and what is the outcome? Why is saving the biodiversity of Madagascar so important? Why does Australia have such an unusual variety of spiders? What are five reasons species are becoming extinct? What does it mean for a species to be extinct? Give an example How do invasive species travel or spread to a different ecosystem? Give an example. List and describe five examples of declining biodiversity five actions that individuals can do to help create and support biodiversity?arrow_forwardearly successional species tend to, and later successional species tend to be good colonizers, grow quickly grow quickly, be good colonizers grow slowly, tolerate low resource levels grow quickly, be shade tolerantarrow_forwardIn some marine habitats in New England, the population density of lobsters has been depleted due to heavy fishing. When this happens, it often follows that the diversity of species in the biological communities is reduced. Based on this observation, how would you characterize lobsters? a keystone organism a decomposer a crustacean a superior predator a producer The composition of a community refers to the nutrients available in the soil. type of succession that occurs locally. sunlight available to drive the energy needed for metabolism. extent vegetation covers the ground--a desert has low composition. types of species adapted to living there. Small fish sometimes swim very close to large predatory fishes such as sharks. There is no risk since the shark does not feed on these smaller fish. The small fish are able to eat the remains of prey such as seals that the shark rips apart when eating.…arrow_forward
- A(n) community is a group of species that occupy the same area. When studying the diversity of a group of species, ecologists use two measures: One is a count of the total number of species in the area, which is called The other is a measure of how common the species are, compared to each other, which is calledarrow_forwardWhat is ecological succession? What is an organism? Example. (Coral Reef) What is a population? Example ( Coral Reef) What is a community? Example( Coral Reef) Areas that do primary succession do not have any... What is a pioneer species ? What do lichens and moss do in primary succession ? Which of the following is an example of disturbance ? Which type of disturbance already has soil? Which type of succession takes less time to happen? What does the prefix "Bio" mean?arrow_forwardSome ecologists have dismissed the terms "R" and "K" and have replaced them with the terms "maintenance" and "dispersal." Match the new terms to the old terms and explain how they are accurately used.arrow_forward
- A group of ecologists want to test if an industrial effluent affects the diversity of aquatic invertebrates in a river. To do this, they compare the community of aquatic invertebrates between two sites: one upstream of the effluent and one downstream of the effluent. Which variable should they calculate to compare the diversity of the two communities of invertebrates? The carrying capacity of the river The net reproductive rate The Shannon Index The gross primary productivity of the river The instantaneous rate of growtharrow_forwardSuccession can be viewed as the effect of ____i____ competition on a community in which ____ii____ species tend to gradually be outcompeted by ____iii____ species. The row below that best completes the statement above is row a. interspecific; r-selected; K-selected b. interspecific; K-selected; r-selected c. intraspecific; r-selected; K-selected d. intraspecific; K-selected; r-selectedarrow_forwardThe moray eel and cleaner wrasse story at the beginning of the chapter is an example of which type of community interaction? O Competition O Mutualism O Parasitism O Predationarrow_forward
- Make a presentation using the ecosystem to show the interrelationship of animals and plants. It should be in a flowchart that hilights biodiversity and interdependence, when on species is removed the rest are in jeopardy.arrow_forwardon earth we find pattern between biodiversity and alitude at what altitude would you expect to find high biodiversity - mid altitude - high altitude - low altitudearrow_forwardEcology and Biology: Shannon Diversity Index: Definition & Example The Shannon Diversity Index (sometimes called the Shannon-Wiener Index) is a way to measure the diversity of species in a community. Denoted as H, this index is calculated as: H = -Σpi * ln(pi) where: Σ: A Greek symbol that means “sum” ln: Natural log pi: The proportion of the entire community made up of species i The higher the value of H, the higher the diversity of species in a particular community. The lower the value of H, the lower the diversity. A value of H = 0 indicates a community that only has one species. The Shannon Equitability Index is a way to measure the evenness of species in a community. The term “evenness” simply refers to how similar the abundances of different species are in the community. Denoted as EH, this index is calculated as: EH = H / ln(S) where: H: The Shannon Diversity Index S: The total number of unique species What is the Shannon diversity index value for this community? What…arrow_forward
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