Evolutionary Analysis (5th Edition)
5th Edition
ISBN: 9780321616678
Author: Jon C. Herron, Scott Freeman
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 4, Problem 8Q
The four fish in Figure 4.39 evolved from a common ancestor with some homoplasy. What are the possible evolutionary trees for the ingroup? Which is the most parsimonious?
Figure 4.39 Three fish and an outgroup
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Students have asked these similar questions
Match the terms to their descriptors. NOTE: If you want to change your selection, you'll need to delete the one you already chose. After you delete it, the list
of choices will pop back up and you can make a different choice.
Two species evolve in different directions from a common starting
point
Divergent evolution
Two species independently evolve similar structures
Homologous structures
Traits that look similar but were not inherited from a common
Convergent evolution
ancestor
Analogous structures
Traits that are similar because they were inherited from a common
ancestor
Below is a cartoon depicting various geological events, starting with one large island (panel 1) and ending with four smaller islands sequentially splitting off from each other
(panels 2 to 5). Initially, there was only Species A inhabiting on the big island. However, as time went on, more species evolved on these smaller islands, such that at the current
time (panel 5), there are five species. Their phylogenetic relationships are shown on the last panel.
1
2
evelves
into
B
specien
3
4
velves
D]
volres
nto
A
5.
2
A
Based on the history depicted, MOST of these speciation events are likely mediated through?
the sympatric speciation process
the reinforcement process
the dispersal and colonization process
the vicariance process
the hybridization process
How, specifically, is the concept of ALLOMETRY relevant to the phylogenetic position of Homo
floresiensis?
Because if allometry explains the anatomy of Homo floresiensis then we can conclude that it is not
separate species but instead a member of our species.
Although most mammals on islands go through a process of getting smaller, Homo floresiensis evolved from
a smaller ancestor to be bigger, meaning that allometry is an important factor.
Mutations in the allometry allele are associated with many of the characteristics of Homo floresiensis.
Because Homo floresiensis is so much smaller than other members of the genus Homo, it is important to
determine how shape changes associated with smaller size impacted the species.
Because Homo floresiensis had both small- and large-bodied forms, variation within the species is in large
part dictated by allometry.
Chapter 4 Solutions
Evolutionary Analysis (5th Edition)
Ch. 4 - According to the evolutionary tree in Figure 4.37,...Ch. 4 - According to the evolutionary tree in Figure 4.37,...Ch. 4 - Sketch a version of the tree in Figure 4.37 in...Ch. 4 - In the tree in Figure 4.37, identify a...Ch. 4 - What is a synapomorphy?Ch. 4 - High-crowned teeth that are well suited for...Ch. 4 - Assuming the four living species in Figure 4.38...Ch. 4 - The four fish in Figure 4.39 evolved from a common...Ch. 4 - What is homoplasy? Why does homoplasy make it more...Ch. 4 - Referring to the information in Figure 4.10,...
Ch. 4 - What is the difference between a molecular...Ch. 4 - Why is it seldom possible to exhaustively check...Ch. 4 - A clade in a phylogeny bears a label at its base...Ch. 4 - Examine the three primate phylogenies shown in...Ch. 4 - Historically, some scientists hypothesized that...Ch. 4 - Sketch the tree you would expect for dogs, wolves,...Ch. 4 - Darwin maintained that among living species, there...
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- Most fish species are considered cold-blooded because they can't generate body heat like birds and mammals. Billfishes and Tunas are notable exceptions. These fish can generate significant amount of body heat and are thus considered warm-blooded. The tree below shows the relationship among several species of fish including billfishes and tunas. The triangles show the inferred origins of "warm-blood" in billfishes and tunas. Knowing that the most recent common ancestor of all the fish in the tree was cold-blooded and that all the fishes in the tree except tunas and billfishes are cold-blooded, what can be said?arrow_forwardWhat are homologous structures? Give an example. Is it necessary that homologous structures always have a common ancestorsarrow_forwardCrickets have colonized each island in the Hawaiian Archipelago. Geological data indicates that Kauai is the oldest island in the chain and Hawaii is the youngest. Researchers hypothesized that crickets sequentially colonized islands as they rose out of the ocean and created a cladogram based on molecular relationships to test this idea. 3) Which islands unambiguously show multiple independent colonization events? 4) How many colonization events were there on each of the islands showing multiple events?arrow_forward
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