Evolutionary Analysis (5th Edition)
5th Edition
ISBN: 9780321616678
Author: Jon C. Herron, Scott Freeman
Publisher: PEARSON
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Videos
Textbook Question
Chapter 4, Problem 11Q
What is the difference between a molecular phylogeny reconstructed by parsimony versus maximum likelihood?
Expert Solution & Answer
Trending nowThis is a popular solution!
Students have asked these similar questions
Which of the following best explains why coalescent-based phylogenetic inference is important in the age of phylogenomics?
A) Coalescent-based methods directly model gene tree histories independently to infer the species tree in a summary-based manner, which is important for phylogenomic analysis were hundreds to thousands of gene histories are analyzed.
B) Coalescent-based methods have the most advanced evolutionary models of molecular evolution, which is important for phylogenomic analysis were hundreds to thousands of gene histories are analyzed.
C) Coalescent-based methods are no more important than other types of phylogenetic inference, even for phylogenomic analyses.
D) None of the above.
What is the difference between a phylogenetic tree and a cladogram?What the difference between “homologous traits” and “analogous traits”?
Which of the following is true regarding vestigial traits?
A) They represent transitional character states for example between the presence or absence of a feature.
B) They help to support proposed phylogenetic placement.
C) They are likely present because there is no fitness cost to their retention or because they are in the process of being removed due to light selective pressure.
D) All of the above.
E) None of the above.
Chapter 4 Solutions
Evolutionary Analysis (5th Edition)
Ch. 4 - According to the evolutionary tree in Figure 4.37,...Ch. 4 - According to the evolutionary tree in Figure 4.37,...Ch. 4 - Sketch a version of the tree in Figure 4.37 in...Ch. 4 - In the tree in Figure 4.37, identify a...Ch. 4 - What is a synapomorphy?Ch. 4 - High-crowned teeth that are well suited for...Ch. 4 - Assuming the four living species in Figure 4.38...Ch. 4 - The four fish in Figure 4.39 evolved from a common...Ch. 4 - What is homoplasy? Why does homoplasy make it more...Ch. 4 - Referring to the information in Figure 4.10,...
Ch. 4 - What is the difference between a molecular...Ch. 4 - Why is it seldom possible to exhaustively check...Ch. 4 - A clade in a phylogeny bears a label at its base...Ch. 4 - Examine the three primate phylogenies shown in...Ch. 4 - Historically, some scientists hypothesized that...Ch. 4 - Sketch the tree you would expect for dogs, wolves,...Ch. 4 - Darwin maintained that among living species, there...
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- What is the difference between a cladogram and a phylogenetic tree? Given a cladogram for a group of species, what additional interpretation is needed to obtain a phylogenetic tree?arrow_forwardBased on this matrix, is my cladogram correctly done? 1.a) What species on the cladogram are endothermic (fully endothermic species only=those that maintain their body temperature only with their metabolism = not sharks for instance)? 1.b) Considering the location and relationship of endotherms on the cladogram, what type of character (homologous, homoplasy: convergence or reversal) do you think endothermy is? try to use specific terminology: character, homologous characters, nom homologous characters, character states (or evolutionary stages of a character), ancestral (plesiomorphic), derived (apomorphic), homoplasy, convergence, reversal....arrow_forwardFor the first phylogenetic tree, if we assume absolute time is NOT represented, can we say that the species in circle B are more closely related than the species in Circle A? For the second phylogenetic tree (if we hold the same assumptions), can we say that B and C are more closely related than A and C?arrow_forward
- When constructing phylogenetic trees, what is the purpose of applying maximum parsimony? Parsimony allows the researcher to "root" the tree. For trees based on morphology, the most parsimonious tree requires the maximum evolutionary events. The outgroup roots the tree, allowing the principle of parsimony to be applied. For trees based on morphology, the most parsimonious is the one that uses the simplest explanation of evolutionary events.arrow_forwardConstruct a cladogram that provides one hypothesis about the evolutionary history for these 6 taxa. Be sure to map each of the character states for every taxon represented in the character matrix. See tips below to help get you started. You can insert a photo of a hand drawn cladogram or create one on your device. Keep in mind that cladograms are hypotheses, there are many different cladograms that can be constructed. a) Which characteristics were identified as homoplasies on your cladogram? b)arrow_forwardConstruct a cladogram that provides one hypothesis about the evolutionary history for these 6 taxa. Be sure to map each of the character states for every taxon represented in the character matrix. See tips below to help get you started. You can insert a photo of a hand drawn cladogram or create one on your device. Keep in mind that cladograms are hypotheses, there are many different cladograms that can be constructed. a) Which characteristics were identified as homoplasies on your cladogram? b) Now that your tree has been constructed, how confident do you feel in your hypothesis and why?arrow_forward
- What different types of data are used to reconstruct phylogeny? What are the desirable properties of data used to reconstruct phylogeny?arrow_forwardReferring to the phylogenetic tree shown above, answer the following questions: 1. How many OTUs are included in the phylogenetic analysis? 2. How many clades are there? 3. What is an autapomorphic trait of the domestic cat? Explain why? 4. What is the shared derived trait (synapomorphy) in the Family Felidae? Explain why?arrow_forwardList the differences between distance-based and character-based methods for constructing a phylogenetic tree. Which type is maximum parsimony? Explain your answer.arrow_forward
- Consider the cladogram shown. 1. Which pair of species shares the greatest number of derived characters (synamorphies)? 2. Which species has the greatest number of ancestral character states (plesiomorphies)?arrow_forwardThe number of possible trees resulting from phylogenetic analysis grows exponentially with the number taxa, such that in a 22 taxon analysis there are more possible unrooted trees than there are stars in the universe. A) True B) False C) It depends on the inference method and optimality criteria used. D) Number of taxa and number of unrooted tree possibilities are unrelated in phylogenetic analysis.arrow_forwardIt is possible for two different genes to imply different phylogenetic relationships among a group of species. What are the possible reasons for this? If there is only one true history of formation of these species, what might we do in order to determine which (if either) gene accurately portrays that history? Is it possible for both phylogenetic trees to be accurate even if there has been only one history of species divergence?arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)BiologyISBN:9780134580999Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. HoehnPublisher:PEARSON
Biology 2eBiologyISBN:9781947172517Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann ClarkPublisher:OpenStax
Anatomy & PhysiologyBiologyISBN:9781259398629Author:McKinley, Michael P., O'loughlin, Valerie Dean, Bidle, Theresa StouterPublisher:Mcgraw Hill Education,
Molecular Biology of the Cell (Sixth Edition)BiologyISBN:9780815344322Author:Bruce Alberts, Alexander D. Johnson, Julian Lewis, David Morgan, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, Peter WalterPublisher:W. W. Norton & Company
Laboratory Manual For Human Anatomy & PhysiologyBiologyISBN:9781260159363Author:Martin, Terry R., Prentice-craver, CynthiaPublisher:McGraw-Hill Publishing Co.
Inquiry Into Life (16th Edition)BiologyISBN:9781260231700Author:Sylvia S. Mader, Michael WindelspechtPublisher:McGraw Hill Education
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
Biology
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:PEARSON
Biology 2e
Biology
ISBN:9781947172517
Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark
Publisher:OpenStax
Anatomy & Physiology
Biology
ISBN:9781259398629
Author:McKinley, Michael P., O'loughlin, Valerie Dean, Bidle, Theresa Stouter
Publisher:Mcgraw Hill Education,
Molecular Biology of the Cell (Sixth Edition)
Biology
ISBN:9780815344322
Author:Bruce Alberts, Alexander D. Johnson, Julian Lewis, David Morgan, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, Peter Walter
Publisher:W. W. Norton & Company
Laboratory Manual For Human Anatomy & Physiology
Biology
ISBN:9781260159363
Author:Martin, Terry R., Prentice-craver, Cynthia
Publisher:McGraw-Hill Publishing Co.
Inquiry Into Life (16th Edition)
Biology
ISBN:9781260231700
Author:Sylvia S. Mader, Michael Windelspecht
Publisher:McGraw Hill Education
Phylogenetic Mysteries: Crash Course Zoology #12; Author: CrashCourse;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cVaw7nF72Aw;License: Standard youtube license