Introduction to Algorithms
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9780262033848
Author: Thomas H. Cormen, Ronald L. Rivest, Charles E. Leiserson, Clifford Stein
Publisher: MIT Press
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Question
Chapter 22.2, Problem 6E
Program Plan Intro
To give an example of directed graph with unique shortest path in graph, yet the set of edges cannot be produced by running BFS on graph.
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionStudents have asked these similar questions
Let G be a graph. We say that a set of vertices C form a vertex cover if every edge of G is
incident to at least one vertex in C. We say that a set of vertices I form an independent set if
no edge in G connects two vertices from I.
For example, if G is the graph above, C = [b, d, e, f, g, h, j] is a vertex cover since each of
the 20 edges in the graph has at least one endpoint in C, and I = = [a, c, i, k] is an
independent set because none of these edges appear in the graph: ac, ai, ak, ci, ck, ik.
2a
In the example above, notice that each vertex belongs to the vertex cover C or the independent
set I. Do you think that this is a coincidence?
2b
In the above graph, clearly explain why the maximum size of an independent set is 5. In other
words, carefully explain why there does not exist an independent set with 6 or more vertices.
Let G = (V, E) be a directed graph, and let wv be the weight of vertex v for every v ∈ V . We say that a directed edgee = (u, v) is d-covered by a multi-set (a set that can contain elements more than one time) of vertices S if either u isin S at least once, or v is in S at least twice. The weight of a multi-set of vertices S is the sum of the weights of thevertices (where vertices that appear more than once, appear in the sum more than once).1. Write an IP that finds the multi-set S that d-cover all edges, and minimizes the weight.2. Write an LP that relaxes the IP.3. Describe a rounding scheme that guarantees a 2-approximation to the best multi-set
Given a graph that is a tree (connected and acyclic). (I) Pick any vertex v.(II) Compute the shortest path from v to every other vertex. Let w be the vertex with the largest shortest path distance.(III) Compute the shortest path from w to every other vertex. Let x be the vertex with the largest shortest path distance. Consider the path p from w to x. Which of the following are truea. p is the longest path in the graphb. p is the shortest path in the graphc. p can be calculated in time linear in the number of edges/vertices
Chapter 22 Solutions
Introduction to Algorithms
Ch. 22.1 - Prob. 1ECh. 22.1 - Prob. 2ECh. 22.1 - Prob. 3ECh. 22.1 - Prob. 4ECh. 22.1 - Prob. 5ECh. 22.1 - Prob. 6ECh. 22.1 - Prob. 7ECh. 22.1 - Prob. 8ECh. 22.2 - Prob. 1ECh. 22.2 - Prob. 2E
Ch. 22.2 - Prob. 3ECh. 22.2 - Prob. 4ECh. 22.2 - Prob. 5ECh. 22.2 - Prob. 6ECh. 22.2 - Prob. 7ECh. 22.2 - Prob. 8ECh. 22.2 - Prob. 9ECh. 22.3 - Prob. 1ECh. 22.3 - Prob. 2ECh. 22.3 - Prob. 3ECh. 22.3 - Prob. 4ECh. 22.3 - Prob. 5ECh. 22.3 - Prob. 6ECh. 22.3 - Prob. 7ECh. 22.3 - Prob. 8ECh. 22.3 - Prob. 9ECh. 22.3 - Prob. 10ECh. 22.3 - Prob. 11ECh. 22.3 - Prob. 12ECh. 22.3 - Prob. 13ECh. 22.4 - Prob. 1ECh. 22.4 - Prob. 2ECh. 22.4 - Prob. 3ECh. 22.4 - Prob. 4ECh. 22.4 - Prob. 5ECh. 22.5 - Prob. 1ECh. 22.5 - Prob. 2ECh. 22.5 - Prob. 3ECh. 22.5 - Prob. 4ECh. 22.5 - Prob. 5ECh. 22.5 - Prob. 6ECh. 22.5 - Prob. 7ECh. 22 - Prob. 1PCh. 22 - Prob. 2PCh. 22 - Prob. 3PCh. 22 - Prob. 4P
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, computer-science and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- We are given an undirected connected graph G = (V, E) and vertices s and t.Initially, there is a robot at position s and we want to move this robot to position t by moving it along theedges of the graph; at any time step, we can move the robot to one of the neighboring vertices and the robotwill reach that vertex in the next time step.However, we have a problem: at every time step, a subset of vertices of this graph undergo maintenance andif the robot is on one of these vertices at this time step, it will be destroyed (!). Luckily, we are given theschedule of the maintenance for the next T time steps in an array M [1 : T ], where each M [i] is a linked-listof the vertices that undergo maintenance at time step i.Design an algorithm that finds a route for the robot to go from s to t in at most T seconds so that at notime i, the robot is on one of the maintained vertices, or output that this is not possible. The runtime ofyour algorithm should ideally be O((n + m) ·T ) but you will…arrow_forwardGiven a graph that is a tree (connected and acyclic). (1) Pick any vertex v. (II) Compute the shortest path from v to every other vertex. Let w be the vertex with the largest shortest path distance. (III) Compute the shortest path from w to every other vertex. Let x be the vertex with the largest shortest path distance. Consider the path p from w to x. Which of the following are true a. p is the longest path in the graph b. p is the shortest path in the graph c. p can be calculated in time linear in the number of edges/vertices a,c a,b a,b,c b.carrow_forward4. Let G (V, E) be a directed graph. Suppose we have performed a DFS traversal of G, and for each vertex v, we know its pre and post numbers. Show the following: (a) If for a pair of vertices u, v € V, pre(u) < pre(v) < post(v) < post(u), then there is a directed path from u to v in G. (b) If for a pair of vertices u, v € V, pre(u) < post(u) < pre(v) < post(v), then there is no directed path from u to v in G.arrow_forward
- Given a digraph, find a bitonic shortest path from s to every other vertex (if one exists). A path is bitonic if there is an intermediate vertex v suchthat the edges on the path from s to v are strictly increasing and the edges on the pathfrom v to t are strictly decreasing. The path should be simple (no repeated vertices).arrow_forwardBe G=(V, E)a connected graph and u, vEV. The distance Come in u and v, denoted by d(u, v), is the length of the shortest path between u'and v, Meanwhile he width from G, denoted as A(G), is the greatest distance between two of its vertices. a) Show that if A(G) 24 then A(G) <2. b) Show that if G has a cut vertex and A(G) = 2, then Ġhas a vertex with no neighbors.arrow_forward(3) Question 3: Given an undirected graph G and an edge uv in G. Design an algorithm that runs in O(|E|+|V)) time that decides if there is a cycle that contains UV. (4) Question 4: Problem 3 in page 245 of (Erickson]. Hint: Use topological sort. O S PC D00 吕口 F3 000 F4 F5 F7 F8 F9 F10 F2 # $ & 一 3 4 5 6 7 8 9. W E R T Y U FIL S D F H J K L V В N M and command B.arrow_forward
- Consider the graph G with n vertices. We define a Covid-Friends set as a set of vertices none of which is connected to another vertex in the set (they are social distancing!). In other words, any subgraph of G with Covid-Friends vertices has no edge. Clearly, an empty set or a set with a single vertex is a Covid-Friend vertex. However, given a graph, we want to find a such set with maximum number of vertices. (a) works - it may not even give the optimal solution!). Justify why your algorithm makes sense (in terms of the goal: maximizing the Covid-Friend set solution). Design (explain in words) a greedy algorithm for this problem (no need to prove itarrow_forwardYou are given a graph G = (V, E) with positive edge weights, and a minimum spanning tree T = (V, E') with respect to these weights; you may assume G and T are given as adjacency lists. Now suppose the weight of a particular edge e in E is modified from w(e) to a new value w̃(e). You wish to quickly update the minimum spanning tree T to reflect this change, without recomputing the entire tree from scratch. There are four cases. In each case give a linear-time algorithm for updating the tree. Note, you are given the tree T and the edge e = (y, z) whose weight is changed; you are told its old weight w(e) and its new weight w~(e) (which you type in latex by widetilde{w}(e) surrounded by double dollar signs). In each case specify if the tree might change. And if it might change then give an algorithm to find the weight of the possibly new MST (just return the weight or the MST, whatever's easier). You can use the algorithms DFS, Explore, BFS, Dijkstra's, SCC, Topological Sort as…arrow_forwardConsider a weighted, directed graph G with n vertices and m edges that have integer weights. A graph walk is a sequence of not-necessarily-distinct vertices v1, v2, ... , Vk such that each pair of consecutive vertices Vi, Vi+1 are connected by an edge. This is similar to a path, except a walk can have repeated vertices and edges. The length of a walk in a weighted graph is the sum of the weights of the edges in the walk. Let s, t be given vertices in the graph, and L be a positive integer. We are interested counting the number of walks from s to t of length exactly L. Assume all the edge weights are positive. Describe an algorithm that computes the number of graph walks from s to t of length exactly L in O((n+ m)L) time. Prove the correctness and analyze the running time. (Hint: Dynamic Programming solution)arrow_forward
- Given a graph G = (V;E) an almost independent set I V is a generalization of an independent set whereeach vertex u 2 I is connected to at most one other vertex in I but no more. In other words for all u; v 2 Iif (u; v) 2 E then (u; z) =2 E for all z 2 I (equvalently (v; z) =2 E). Note that every independent set is alsoalmost independent. Prove that the problem of nding whether there exists an almost independent set ofsize k for some k, is NP-complete.arrow_forwardGiven a digraph, find a bitonic shortest path from s to every other vertex (if one exists). A path is bitonic if there is an intermediate vertex v suchthat the edges on the path from s to v are strictly increasing and the edges on the pathfrom v to t are strictly decreasing. The path should be simplearrow_forwardConsider an undirected graph on 8 vertices, with 12 edges given as shown below: Q2.1 Give the result of running Kruskal's algorithm on this edge sequence (specify the order in which the edges are selected). Q2.2 For the same graph, exhibit a cut that certifies that the edge ry is in the minimum spanning tree. Your answer should be in the form E(S, V/S) for some vertex set S. Specifically, you should find S.arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
- Database System ConceptsComputer ScienceISBN:9780078022159Author:Abraham Silberschatz Professor, Henry F. Korth, S. SudarshanPublisher:McGraw-Hill EducationStarting Out with Python (4th Edition)Computer ScienceISBN:9780134444321Author:Tony GaddisPublisher:PEARSONDigital Fundamentals (11th Edition)Computer ScienceISBN:9780132737968Author:Thomas L. FloydPublisher:PEARSON
- C How to Program (8th Edition)Computer ScienceISBN:9780133976892Author:Paul J. Deitel, Harvey DeitelPublisher:PEARSONDatabase Systems: Design, Implementation, & Manag...Computer ScienceISBN:9781337627900Author:Carlos Coronel, Steven MorrisPublisher:Cengage LearningProgrammable Logic ControllersComputer ScienceISBN:9780073373843Author:Frank D. PetruzellaPublisher:McGraw-Hill Education
Database System Concepts
Computer Science
ISBN:9780078022159
Author:Abraham Silberschatz Professor, Henry F. Korth, S. Sudarshan
Publisher:McGraw-Hill Education
Starting Out with Python (4th Edition)
Computer Science
ISBN:9780134444321
Author:Tony Gaddis
Publisher:PEARSON
Digital Fundamentals (11th Edition)
Computer Science
ISBN:9780132737968
Author:Thomas L. Floyd
Publisher:PEARSON
C How to Program (8th Edition)
Computer Science
ISBN:9780133976892
Author:Paul J. Deitel, Harvey Deitel
Publisher:PEARSON
Database Systems: Design, Implementation, & Manag...
Computer Science
ISBN:9781337627900
Author:Carlos Coronel, Steven Morris
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Programmable Logic Controllers
Computer Science
ISBN:9780073373843
Author:Frank D. Petruzella
Publisher:McGraw-Hill Education