(a)
To show that the graph Gp is an articulation point if it contains at least two children.
(b)
To show that vertex v belongs to V is an articulation point of graph that contains child s having no back edge.
(c)
To evaluate v .low for every vertices of the graph G in O ( E ) time.
(d)
To compute all possible articulation points in O ( E ) time.
(e)
To show that an edge of the graph G is a bridge if it does not contains any simple cycle.
(f)
To configure all possible bridges of the graph G in O ( E ) time.
(g)
To show that the graph Gbi -connected components can be partition the non-bridge edges of the graph G .
(h)
To show that in the graph G with the edge eand e’ such that e .bcc = e’ .bcc, only possible if an edge e and e’ contains similar bi-connected component.
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionChapter 22 Solutions
Introduction to Algorithms
- The Graph Data Structure is made up of nodes and edges. (A Tree Data Structure is a special kind of a Graph Data Structure). A Graph may be represented by an Adjacency Matrix or an Adjacency List. Through this exercise, you should be able to have a better grasp the Adjacency Matrix concept. You are expected to read about the Adjacency Matrix concept as well as the Adjacency List concept. Suppose the vertices A, B, C, D, E, F, G and H of a Graph are mapped to row and column indices(0,1,2,3,4,5,6,and 7) of a matrix (i.e. 2-dimensional array) as shown in the following table. Vertex of Graph Index in the 2-D Array Adjacency Matrix Representation of Graph A B 2 F 6. H 7 Suppose further, that the following is an Adjacency Matrix representing the Graph. 3 4 5. 6. 7 0. 1 1 1 1 01 1 01 1. 3 14 1 1 1 6. 1 Exercise: Show/Draw the Graph that is represented by the above Adjacency matrix. Upload the document that contains your result. (Filename: AdjacencyMatrixExercise.pdf) Notes: -The nodes of the…arrow_forwardApplication: dynamic connected components.For a graph G = (V, E), vertices u, v are in same connected component if andonly if thereís a path between them.• Connected components partition vertices into equivalence classes.arrow_forwardWeighted Graph Applications Demonstration Java Data Structures. Figure 29.23 illustrates a weighted graph with 6 vertices and 8 weighted edges. Simply provide: Minimal Spanning Tree as an illustration or a textual list of edges (in our standard vertex order). Single-Source Shortest Path route from vertex 0 to the other 5 (described as one path/route for each). draw the two solutions and attach the illustration or describe them in text (a list of edges for the one and the vertex to vertex path the other). You can therefore attach proper content files with dot txt, png, jpg or jpeg extensions Be sure the final trees or path lists are clearly visible in your solution. You don't need to show the solution development or progress, just the result.arrow_forward
- In graph theory, graph coloring is a special case of graph labeling; it is an assignment of labels traditionally called "colors" to elements of a graph subject to certain constraints. In its simplest form, it is a way of coloring the vertices of a graph such that no two adjacent vertices share the same color; this is called a vertex coloring. The chromatic number of a graph is the least mumber of colors required to do a coloring of a graph. Example Here in this graph the chromatic number is 3 since we used 3 colors The degree of a vertex v in a graph (without loops) is the number of edges at v. If there are loops at v each loop contributes 2 to the valence of v. A graph is connected if for any pair of vertices u and v one can get from u to v by moving along the edges of the graph. Such routes that move along edges are known by different names: edge progressions, paths, simple paths, walks, trails, circuits, cycles, etc. a. Write down the degree of the 16 vertices in the graph below: 14…arrow_forwardThe minimum vertex cover problem is stated as follows: Given an undirected graph G = (V, E) with N vertices and M edges. Find a minimal size subset of vertices X from V such that every edge (u, v) in E is incident on at least one vertex in X. In other words you want to find a minimal subset of vertices that together touch all the edges. For example, the set of vertices X = {a,c} constitutes a minimum vertex cover for the following graph: a---b---c---g d e Formulate the minimum vertex cover problem as a Genetic Algorithm or another form of evolutionary optimization. You may use binary representation, OR any repre- sentation that you think is more appropriate. you should specify: • A fitness function. Give 3 examples of individuals and their fitness values if you are solving the above example. • A set of mutation and/or crossover and/or repair operators. Intelligent operators that are suitable for this particular domain will earn more credit. • A termination criterion for the…arrow_forwardEvery pair of vertices in a graph that is linked by two different paths is said to be biconnected. An articulation point in a connected graph is a vertex that, if it and its surrounding edges were eliminated, would cause the graph to become disconnected. demonstrate the biconnection of any graph lacking articulation points. Tip: To create two disjoint paths connecting s and t given a set of vertices s and t and a path connecting them, take advantage of the fact that none of the vertices on the path are articulation points.arrow_forward
- Let G be a graph whose vertices are the integers 1 through 8, and let the adjacent vertices of each vertex be given by the table. Assume that, in a traversal of G, the adjacent vertices of a given vertex are returned in the same order as they are listed in the table below. Vertex Adjacent vertices 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 (2,3,4) (1,3,4) (1,2,4) (1,2,3,6) (6,7,8) (4,5,7) (5,6,8) (5,7) a) Draw Gb) Order the vertices as they are visited in a DFS traversal starting at vertex 1. c) Order the vertices as they are visited in a BFS traversal starting at vertex 1.arrow_forwardGiven a graph that is a tree (connected and acyclic). (1) Pick any vertex v. (II) Compute the shortest path from v to every other vertex. Let w be the vertex with the largest shortest path distance. (III) Compute the shortest path from w to every other vertex. Let x be the vertex with the largest shortest path distance. Consider the path p from w to x. Which of the following are true a. p is the longest path in the graph b. p is the shortest path in the graph c. p can be calculated in time linear in the number of edges/vertices a,c a,b a,b,c b.carrow_forwardGive an example of a graph that has all 3 of the following properties. (Note that you need to give a single graph as the answer.) (i) It is connected (ii) It has one articulation point. (iii) The graph needs at least 4 colors for a valid vertex coloring (iv) The graph does not have a 4-clique (that is, a clique of 4 vertices) as a subgraph.arrow_forward
- A network is considered to be biconnected if every pair of its vertices is linked by two distinct paths. A vertex that, if it and its surrounding edges were removed, would result in the graph becoming unconnected is known as an articulation point in a linked network. show any graph without articulation points that it is biconnected. Use the fact that none of the vertices on the path is an articulation point to construct two disjoint paths connecting s and t given a set of vertices s and t and a path connecting them.arrow_forwardDiscrete Mathmatics The graph intersection of a collection of sets A1, A2, · · · , An is the graph that has a vertex for each of these sets and has an edge connecting the vertices representing two sets if these sets have a nonempty intersection. Construct the intersection graph for of the following collection of sets. A1 = {0, 2, 4, 6, 8} A2 = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4} A3 = {1, 3, 5, 7, 9} A4 = {5, 6, 7, 8, 9} A5 = {0, 1, 8, 9}arrow_forwardHamilton cycle A loop in the connected graph G=(V,E) passes through each vertex in the graph and only once. A Hamiltonian is a path (v,v,.V,.) starting from a certain node v, and looping along the n sides of the graph G. > Except for v,=v, the remaining nodes on the path are different. > (v,V.) EE (0siarrow_forwardarrow_back_iosSEE MORE QUESTIONSarrow_forward_ios
- Database System ConceptsComputer ScienceISBN:9780078022159Author:Abraham Silberschatz Professor, Henry F. Korth, S. SudarshanPublisher:McGraw-Hill EducationStarting Out with Python (4th Edition)Computer ScienceISBN:9780134444321Author:Tony GaddisPublisher:PEARSONDigital Fundamentals (11th Edition)Computer ScienceISBN:9780132737968Author:Thomas L. FloydPublisher:PEARSON
- C How to Program (8th Edition)Computer ScienceISBN:9780133976892Author:Paul J. Deitel, Harvey DeitelPublisher:PEARSONDatabase Systems: Design, Implementation, & Manag...Computer ScienceISBN:9781337627900Author:Carlos Coronel, Steven MorrisPublisher:Cengage LearningProgrammable Logic ControllersComputer ScienceISBN:9780073373843Author:Frank D. PetruzellaPublisher:McGraw-Hill Education