Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781285869759
Author: Frederick A. Bettelheim, William H. Brown, Mary K. Campbell, Shawn O. Farrell, Omar Torres
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 18, Problem 18.50P
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation:
The formation of
Concept Introduction:
Fisher esterification is a
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Aldehydes and ketones react with one molecule of an alcohol to form compounds called hemiacetals, in which there is one hydroxyl group and one ether-like group. Reaction of a hemiacetal with a second
molecule of alcohol gives an acetal and a molecule of water.
ROH, H+
OH
OR
Aldehyde/ketone
Alcohol
ROH, H+
Draw the structural formulas for the hemiacetal and the acetal formed between the following compounds:
OH
OH
OR
OR
• Use the wedge/hash bond tools to indicate stereochemistry where it exists.
+ H₂O
Q: What ester results in the following reflux?
pentanoic acid
CH₂CH₂OH
OH
R'
R-OH
Q: What alcohol and acid must we use to make the following ester?
O
O
H+
OH
H+
benzyl
isobutanoate
H₂O
Select 4 esters from the list below. We are not making Isobutyl formate (Raspberries
You have to know what alcohol and acid you need to make your product.
Esters
Fragance
Amyl acetate
Bananas
Isoamyl acetate
Pears
1-Octyl acetate
Oranges
Ethyl butyrate
Pineapples
Amyl butyrate
Apricots
Methyl salicylate
Wintergree
Alcohol
1-Pentanol
Carboxylic Acid or
Acid Anhydride
Acetic acid
Available chemicals:
Alcohols
Carboxylic Acids
Acid Anhydrides
Mehanol
Formic Acid
Acetic Anhydride
Ethanol
Acetic Acid
Butyric Anhydride
1-Pentanol
Butyric Acid
3-Methyl-1-butanol Salicyluc Acid
1-Octanol
Chapter 18 Solutions
Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry
Ch. 18.2 - Prob. 18.1PCh. 18.5 - Prob. 18.2PCh. 18.5 - Prob. 18.3PCh. 18 - 18-4 Answer true or false. (a) The functional...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.5PCh. 18 - 18-6 Name and draw structural formulas for the...Ch. 18 - 18-7 Write the IUPAC name for each carboxylic...Ch. 18 - 18-8 Write the IUPAC name for each carboxylic...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.9PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.10P
Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.11PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.12PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.13PCh. 18 - 18-14 Answer true or false. (a) Carboxylic acids...Ch. 18 - 18-15 Draw a structural formula for the dimer...Ch. 18 - 18-16 Propanedioic (malonic) acid forms an...Ch. 18 - 18-17 Hexanoic (caproic) acid has a solubility in...Ch. 18 - 18-18 Propanoic acid and methyl acetate are...Ch. 18 - 18-19 The following compounds have approximately...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.20PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.21PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.22PCh. 18 - 18-23 Characterize the structural features...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.24PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.25PCh. 18 - 18-26 Answer true or false. (a) Carboxylic acids...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.27PCh. 18 - 18-28 Arrange these compounds in order of...Ch. 18 - 18-29 Complete the equations for these acid—base...Ch. 18 - 18-30 Complete the equations for these acid-base...Ch. 18 - 18-31 Formic acid is one of the components...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.32PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.33PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.34PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.35PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.36PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.37PCh. 18 - 18-38 Which is the stronger base: CH3CH2NH2 or...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.39PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.40PCh. 18 - 18-41 Complete these examples of Fischer...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.42PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.43PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.44PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.45PCh. 18 - 18-46 Procaine (its hydrochloride salt is marketed...Ch. 18 - 18-47 Methylparaben and propylparaben are used as...Ch. 18 - 18-48 4-Aminobenzoic acid is prepared from benzoic...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.49PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.50PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.51PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.52PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.53PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.54PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.55P
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