5. Reciprocal regulation of glycogen phosphorylase and glycogen synthase activity.
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5. Reciprocal regulation of glycogen phosphorylase and glycogen synthase activity.
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- 18. Diametrically opposed . Phosphorylation has opposite effects on glycogen synthesis and breakdown. What is the advantage of its having opposing effects?Different control mechanisms are used to regulate the synthesis of glycogen. Match the action on the left with the effect on the right. Increase in the concentration of inorganic phosphate ion Decrease in the activity of phosphoprotein phosphatase Phosphorylation of glycogen phosphorylase Dephosphorylation of glycogen synthase Ű Clear All Decreasing glycogen synthesis Increasing glycogen synthesis No effect on glycogen synthesis16. Both glycolysis and gluconeogenesis are controlled by the level of fructose-2,6-bisphosphate in response to hormones. true or false?
- 2. A person performs intense exercise (for example, runs away from danger) 30 minutes after a carbohydrate-rich lunch. Why does the glycogen synthesis stop in skeletal muscles in this situation? Why is glycogen breakdown stimulated? To answer the questions: a) write a diagram of glycogen synthesis, specify the reactions associated with energy consumption when a glucose molecule is included in a growing glycogen chain; b) write the glycogen mobilization diagram and calculate the ATP amount that can be produced if glucose 1-phosphate is further oxidized to CO, and H,O in the muscles; c) indicate the hormone with an increased level in blood under stress situations, and how this hormone affects the activity of regulatory enzymes of glycogen synthesis and breakdown.3. Which tissues can synthesize glucose through the gluconeogenesis pathway? Explain the reason.Which of the following drives glycogenesis forward? O Phosphorylated glycogen synthase Dephosphorylated glycogen phosphorylase O Dephosphorylated glycogen synthase O Phosphorylated glycogen phosphorylase
- 2. A person performs intense exercise (for example, runs away from danger) 30 minutes after a carbohydrate-rich lunch. Why docs the glycogen synthesis stop in skeletal muscles in this situation? Why is glycogen breakdown stimulated? To answer the questions: a) write a diagram of glycogen synthesis, specify the reactions associated with energy consumption when a glucose molecule is included in a growing glycogen chain; b) write the glycogen mobilization diagram and calculate the ATP amount that can be produced if glucose 1-phosphate is further oxidized to CO, and H,0 in the muscles; c) indicate the hormone with an increased level in blood under stress situations, and how this hormone affects the activity of regulatory enzymes of glycogen synthesis and breakdown.Can you explain the allosteric regulation of glycogen synthase and glycogen phosphorylase?Which enzyme activity of the glycogen debranching enzyme is operating during the release of glucose units linked to glycogen branchpoints via a1,6 glycosidic linkage? O phosphorylase activity O phosphatase activity O transferase activity O glucosidase activity
- 1.a. Given what you know about glycolysis and gluconeogenesis, does it make sense that insulin activates PDH phosphatase? Why? b.How do vitamins increase to the breadth of chemical reactions available within a biological system?4. Peculiarities of hormonal regulation of glycogen metabolism in muscles and liver.5. There is reciprocal regulation of glycolytic and gluconeogenic reactions interconverting fructose-6-phosphate and fructose-1,6-bisphosphate. Which one of the following statements about this regulation is not correct? FGP A) Fructose-2,6-bisphosphate Fructose-2,6-bisphosphate activates phosphofructokinase-1. Gen inhibits fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase. reaction is exergonic. ATP F16BP BOLALA The fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase D) The phosphofructokinase-1 reaction is endergonic. This regulation allows control of the direction of net metabolite flow through the pathway.