Fatty acids and triglycerides are an important source of nutrition and a dense formof stored energy. Digestion of fats yields more energy per gram than digestion ofcarbohydrates.In the first step of fatty acid digestion, the carboxylic acid of a fatty acid is activatedto a fatty acyl-CoA. This activation stepA) requires the input of energy from ATP.B) requires the input of energy from NADH.C) releases energy which is captured in the formof ATP.D) releases energy which is captured in the formof NADH.

Carbohydrates are the primary source of energy. But in the absence of carbohydrates, the body…

Answered: Fatty acids and triglycerides are an…

Biochemistry

9th Edition

ISBN:9781319114671

Author:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Publisher:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Chapter1: Biochemistry: An Evolving Science

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1P

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Fatty acids are stored in adipose tissue, as triacylglycerol (TAG) forms. TAGs are degraded as glycerol and fatty acids where energy is required. Based on that knowledge explain: a) How these products are used in the adipose, liver, and other tissue? b)Why glycerol can not be metabolized in adipose tissue?
Fatty acids are stored in adipose tissue, as triacylglycerol (TAG) forms. TAGs are degraded as glycerol and fatty acids where energy is required. Based on that knowledge explain: How these products are used in the adipose, liver, and other tissue? Why glycerol can not be metabolized in adipose tissue?
Arrange the following pathways in order of their occurrence as source of energy for the body during fasting and starvation: 1. glycogenolysis 2. lipid catabolism 3. gluconeogenesis 4. ketogenesis
Introduction to Experiment 1: Starch Digestion by Amylase In this experiment, we will look for evidence of starch digestion by testing solutions for the presence of starch and sugars. When starch is present, the iodine in Lugoks solution turns the solution black, blue, or dark brown. If starch is not present, iodine will dye the solution a yellow color. Benedict's reagent reacts with "reducing sugars," including glucese, resulting in a green, orange, or red color. If sugars are not present, Benedict's reagent remains a light blue color. 1. What is/are the end product(s) of starch digestion?. 2. What is the name of the enzyme that digests starch (amylose)? Hypotheses/Predictions (See Methods section for details): 1. When mixed with Lugol'ssolution, test tube A1 (amylase only) will have what color and why? 2. When mixed with Benedict's solution, test tube A1 (amylase only) will have what color and why?. 3. When mixed with Lugols solution, test tube A2 (starch only) will have what color…
The synthesis of glucose from noncarbohydrates is called (a) glycolysis. (b) lipolysis. (c) gluconeogenesis. (d) beta-oxidation.
Introduction to Experiment 1: Starch Digestion by Amylase In this experiment, we will look for evidence of starch digestion by testing solutions for the presence of starch and sugars. When starch is present, the iodine in Lugol’s solution turns the solution black, blue, or dark brown. If starch is not present, iodine will dye the solution a yellow color. Benedict’s reagent reacts with “reducing sugars,” including glucose, resulting in a green, orange, or red color. If sugars are not present, Benedict’s reagent remains a light blue color. What is/are the end product(s) of starch digestion? _____________________________________________________________ What is the name of the enzyme that digests starch (amylose)? ________________________________________________ Hypotheses/Predictions (See Methods section for details): When mixed with Lugol’s solution, test tube A1 (amylase only) will have what color and why? _____________…
Describe the activation of fatty acids. What is the energy cost for the process?
Arrange the following pathways in order of their occurrence as source of energy for the body during fasting and starvation: lipid catabolism, gluconeogenesis, ketogenesis, glycogenolysis
What is the reason that amino acid degradation spikes approximately 24 hours after starting a fast? (A) The brain adapts to using ketone bodies, and amino acids serve as the primary precursors for ketone bodies.(B) Red blood cells begin using amino acids to drive their citric acid cycle.(C) Amino acids are broken down and used to replenish glycogen. (D) The liver needs to make glucose for brain and RBCs, and amino acids provide the carbon skeleton for gluconeogenesis.(E) The ammonia released from amino acid breakdown is a substrate for b-oxidation, which increases during prolonged fasting.
For each of the steps below, choose (A) if the step pertains to b-oxidation, (B) if the step pertains to fatty acid synthesis, or (C) if the step is common to both processes. ______ Acetyl CoA is produced as a product.______ Activation (the committed step of the process) requires ATP hydrolysis. ______ Accumulated acetyl CoA serves as a substrate.______ The length of fatty acid carbon chain is modified in the mitochondria. ______ ACP acts as the acyl carrier.
Indicate whether each of the following statements is true or false. If false, correct the statement or provide a brief explanation for why it is a) The presence of lipids in the diet slows down digestion in the b) Insulin increases the rate of glucose uptake by the c) Glucagon is the hormone that signals low blood glucose d) Chylomicrons carry TAGs from the diet into the e) During fasting and starvation the liver produces ketone bodies which fuel the heart and f) The muscles can use glucose, fatty acids and ketone bodies for g) When glucose enters the cell it is immediately and reversibly h) Epinephrine stimulates breakdown of glycogen in muscles when there is an immediate need for energy by muscle i) Glucagon stimulates glycogenolysis to maintain the blood glucose j) With high [carbohydrate] levels, excess glucose (after glycogen storage has reached a maximum) is converted to fat, leading to high [malonyl-CoA]. k) Malonyl-CoA inhibits carnitine acyltransferase II , thus slowing…
The Liver makes “Ketone Bodies” (acetoacetic acid and -hydroxybutryic acid): a. as a long-term energy storage reserve b. to provide an alternative energy source to muscle, the kidney and other organs when on a prolonged low carbohydrate diet c. from fatty acids oxidized to acetyl CoA d. to detoxify lactose absorbed from the large intestine e. when our muscles cannot get enough oxygen to carry out oxidative phosphorylation

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