(a)
Interpretation:
The reason as to why the stepwise process will be slower than the concerted process for
Concept introduction:
A concerted mechanism is the one in which all the bond breaking and bond formation processes takes place in a single step for a reaction.
A stepwise mechanism is the one in which bond breaking and bond formation take place in two different steps.
(b)
Interpretation:
The kind of
Concept introduction:
A concerted mechanism is the one in which all the bond breaking and bond formation processes takes place in a single step for a reaction.
A stepwise mechanism is the one in which bond breaking and bond formation take place in two different steps.
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Organic Chemistry
- (a) Tsomane and Nyiko were given a task of synthesising methylenecyclohexane 2. After a brief discussion with each other, Tsomane proposed Method A to synthesise 2 from cyclohexanone 1 while Nyiko proposed Method B that started from hydroxymethylcyclohexane 3. Each student believed that their proposed method is better than the other. (Scheme below) (1) Ph Ph 8*8 Ph THF A 1 Santande B H₂SO4 100 °C 3 OH Using curly arrows, provide full mechanistic details accounting how methylenecyclohexane 2 was synthesised according to both Methods A and B.arrow_forward(a) Tsomane and Nyiko were given a task of synthesising methylenecyclohexane 2. After a brief discussion with each other, Tsomane proposed Method A to synthesise 2 from cyclohexanone 1 while Nyiko proposed Method B that started from hydroxymethylcyclohexane 3. Each student believed that their proposed method is better than the other. (Scheme below) (1) 1 Ph THF A Ph Ph B H₂SO4 100 °C 3 OH What is the name of the reaction that is followed by reaction Method A?arrow_forwardWrite the equilibrium-constant expressions and obtain numerical values for each constant in (a) the basic dissociation of aniline, C6H5NH2. (b) the acidic dissociation of hypochlorous acid, HClO. (c) the acidic dissociation of methyl ammonium hydrochloride, CH3NH3Cl. (d) the basic dissociation of NaNO2. (e) the dissociation of H3AsO3 to H3O+ and AsO33- just answer the letters C, D and E.arrow_forward
- Identify (A) in the following reaction. 2H2 Pt (A) KMNO4 Warm conc. || С — С — о—н |CO,H + HO CO2H cis-cyclo hexane 1,2-dicarboxylic acid (a) (b) (c) (d)arrow_forwardThe hydrocarbon fluorene was treated with potassium t-butoxide in an acid-base reaction, giving the fluorenide anion and t-butyl alcohol. (a) Which way does the equilibrium lie, and by how much? b) What is the proportion of the fluorenide anion to fluorene? (c) Why is fluorene so highly acidic, considering the pKa of an average alkane is above 50?arrow_forwardGive reasons for the following :(i) Phenol is more acidic than methanol.(ii) The C—O—H bond angle in alcohols is slightly less than the tetrahedral angle (190°28′).(iii) (CH3)3C—O—CH3 on reaction with HI gives (CH3)3C—I and CH3—OH as the main products and not (CH3)3C—OH and CH3—I.arrow_forward
- 29) Consider the following acid-base reaction: он Cно Na A | в pK, =7 (a) Provide structures for A and B (including nonbonding electron pairs and formal charges where necessary), where A is the conjugate acid and B is the conjugate base of the reaction. Answer: (b) Provide and arrow pushing mechanism to show how A and B are formed. Answer: (c) Will the reaction proceed from left to right (i.e. are A and B favoured at equilibrium)? Explain your answer. Answer: (d) Draw all important resonance contributors of the conjugate base B. Rank the contributors from most stable to least stable (if contributors are equally stable indicate this with an equals sign) most stable leaststablearrow_forwardB: complete the following reactions (а) Br CH3 HC1 СОН CH3 (b) HOCH2CH, heat CH2CH2OH + 2HB1arrow_forwardThe following two sets of reactions, ((a) and (b)), show possibilities for arrow pushing in individual reaction steps. Identify which is wrong and explain why. Next, using the correct arrow pushing, label which molecule is the nucleophile and which is the electrophile. (a) (b) H3C :Cl: H3C H,c-i: – →: I-CH3 + :Cl: C-C: H3C / H3C H3C-Cl: C-CH3 H3C : H,C-Cl: H3C-CI: →: I-CH3 + :Cl: H3C :Cl: H3C C-CH3 C-CI: H3C/ H3C H3Carrow_forward
- 4) Write the reaction between cyclohexanecarboxylic acid and thionyl chloride showing all three products (two gaseous and one liquid). Take the liquid product and treat it with 2 moles of dimethylamine in benzene as the solvent. You get two products. What are they? Draw their formulae and write their names.arrow_forwardChemical Equilibrium Write the equilibrium-constant expressions and obtain numerical values for each constant in (a) the basic dissociation of aniline, C6H5NH2. (b) the acidic dissociation of hypochlorous acid, HClO. (c) the acidic dissociation of methyl ammonium hydrochloride, CH3NH3Cl. (d) the basic dissociation of NaNO2. (e) the dissociation of H3AsO3 to H3O+ and AsO33- Using step-by-step processarrow_forward1 Consider the reaction of (R)-2-chloro-3-methylbutane with sodium iodide to form aproduct.(a) Draw the reaction scheme with the correct stereochemistry (reactant + NaI → product+ NaCl). Circle the nucleophile and draw a rectangle around the electrophile.(b) What is the symbol used for mechanism shown in 1(a)(c) If the sodium iodide was replaced with sodium hydroxide, the product is anALKENE. Draw a reaction MECHANISM to show how this happens.(d) Draw the reaction energy diagram for the reaction in 1(c) and label the activationenergy. (e) Using any alcohol with five carbons, and any carboxylic acid with six carbons, draw areaction to show how we would make an ester.(f) Describe the practical on esters. Please answer (d) to (f)arrow_forward