Universe
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781319039448
Author: Robert Geller, Roger Freedman, William J. Kaufmann
Publisher: W. H. Freeman
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Chapter 9, Problem 26Q
To determine
The distance (in mm) that the Eurasian and North American plates have moved apart in
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Chapter 9 Solutions
Universe
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- The Hawaiian-Emperor chain of undersea volcanoes is about 7500 km long, and the Pacific plate is moving 9.2 cm a year. How old is the oldest detectable volcano in the chain? What has happened to older volcanoes in the chain?arrow_forwardWhat is the volume of new oceanic basalt added to Earth’s crust each year? Assume that the thickness of the new crust is 5 km, that there are 60,000 km of rifts, and that the average speed of plate motion is 4 cm/y. What fraction of Earth’s entire volume does this annual addition of new material represent?arrow_forwardExplain briefly how the following phenomena happen on Earth, relating your answers to the theory of plate tectonics A. earthquakes B. continental drift C. mountain building D. volcanic eruptions E. creation of the Hawaiian island chainarrow_forward
- Over the entire Earth, there are 60,000 km of active rift zones, with average separation rates of 5 m/ century. How much area of new ocean crust is created each year over the entire planet? (This area is approximately equal to the amount of ocean crust that is subducted since the total area of the oceans remains about the same.)arrow_forwardOn what crustal plate is Los Angeles located, and in which direction is the plate moving?arrow_forwardEarth's surface area is 5.10x10^8 km^2 .Earth's crust has a thickness (or depth) of 35 km and density 2.8 g/cm^3 for earth's crust. a) Calculate the volume of earth's crust in km^3 b) Express your answer from part (a) in cm^3 c) Calculate the mass of the crust tons (t) : 1 ton=1000kg d) Silicon's concentration in earth's crust is 2.72x105grams/ton. Calculate the mass of silicon (in grams) present in earth's crust.arrow_forward
- as the pacific tectonic plate subducts under the philippine plate. south america is drifting closer to asia at a rate of approximately 4 centimeters per year. if this drift rate remains constant how much closer will asia and south america be to one another 100 million years from now?arrow_forwardThe Earth has an approximate mass of 5.97*10^24 kg and a radius of 6,300 km. If the crust accounts for 31% of the mass and its radius is 2 times smaller, then the density of the core in kg/m3 must be approximatelyarrow_forwardAn earthquake occurs 6,875 km from a seismograph. The P-waves arrive 11.6 minutes later. How fast is the P-wave traveling (in km/s)? If the lag time between P- and S-waves is 10.8 minutes, how fast are the S-waves traveling (in km/s)? Using the shadow of S-waves you determine that the radius of the core is 55% of the Earth's 6,378-km radius. How many kilometers from the surface is this (in km)? To calculate how fast the P-waves are traveling, we need to divide the distance the waves travel by the time. vP = d s vP = km/sarrow_forward
- Define the magnitude M of an earthquake in terms of the intensity I of the earthquake and the intensity S of a standard earthquake.arrow_forwardThe theory of plate tectonics states that Earth’s plates are always in motion. What geological evidence supports this statement?arrow_forwardThe Lithosphere is made of the two types of crust, denser oceanic crust and thicker conteniental crust, plus the upper rigid part of the mantle. The Lithosphere float on the semi-liquid Asthenosphere. The Asthenosphere moves through a process known as convection. The convection form currents moving hotter less dense mantle toward the surface where it cools becomes denser and sinks. Another name for the asthenosphere is the ?arrow_forward
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