Foundations in Microbiology
10th Edition
ISBN: 9781259705212
Author: Kathleen Park Talaro, Barry Chess Instructor
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Textbook Question
Chapter 8.L2, Problem 4CT
4. Suggest the advantages of having
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionStudents have asked these similar questions
3. The diagram to the left represents the distribution of
some molecules inside and outside of an artificial cell
over a period of time.
Which statement is best supported by the diagram?
(1) Oxygen molecules entered the cell over time by
active transport.
(2) Water molecules are too large to enter or leave the
cell, so they reMained where they were at the start of
the investigation.
(3) Protein molecules are kept inside of the cell because
the cell needs them.
(4) The protein molecules are too large to diffuse out of
the cell.
8. Vacuoles are fluid-filled organelles present in some cells.Which function is NOT normally performed by vacuoles?
O Store enzymes that degrade biological molecules
O Store pigments responsible for the different colors in plants
O Store salts, sugars, and waste products
O Store DNA and other hereditary materials
9. Glycolysis is a series of enzyme-catalyzed reactions that converts glucose molecules into pyruvate and yields a net of two molecules of adenosine
triphosphate.Which molecule donates two phosphate groups to glucose to form fructose-1,6-bisphosphate in the early stage of glycolysis?
O Adenosine diphosphate (ADP)
O Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
O Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P)
O Guanosine diphosphate (GDP)
10. Meristematic cell division is responsible for the vertical and lateral growth of plants.Which process is responsible for the increase of plant girth?
Secondary growth
O Primary growth
Leaf growth
Root growth
2. Assuming no contact inhibition and optimal nutrient and waste transport, graph the cell
concentration as a function of time (up through 72 hours) for the following conditions:
a. μ =0.10 h-¹; Xo = 1 X 100 cells
b. to 24 hrs; Xo = 10 cells
c. μ= 0.00001 h-¹; No = 1 X 10° cells
d. With a basic knowledge of rates of cell turnover and division in various human
tissues, what kinds of cells are best described by the graph in a? b? and c?
Chapter 8 Solutions
Foundations in Microbiology
Ch. 8.1 - 1. Define metabolism and differentiate its two...Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 2ELOCh. 8.1 - 3. outline the prominent characteristics of...Ch. 8.1 - 4. Explain how enzymes lower the energy required...Ch. 8.1 - 5. Discuss enzyme structure, and interactions...Ch. 8.1 - 6. Describe the types of enzyme functions and...Ch. 8.1 - 7. Summarize key features of enzyme regulation.Ch. 8.1 - 1. Differentiate between catabolism and anabolism...Ch. 8.1 - 2. Describe 10 important biochemical properties of...Ch. 8.1 - 3. Describe the chemistry of enzymes, and explain...
Ch. 8.1 - 4. Show diagrammatically the interaction of...Ch. 8.1 - 5. Differentiate among the chemical composition...Ch. 8.1 - 6. Summarize the direct and indirect controls that...Ch. 8.2 - Prob. 8ELOCh. 8.2 - 9. Describe biological oxidation-reduction and...Ch. 8.2 - Prob. 10ELOCh. 8.2 - 7. Explain how oxidation of a substrate proceeds...Ch. 8.2 - 8. Refer to the blue redox equation for...Ch. 8.2 - 9. In the following redox pairs, which compound is...Ch. 8.2 - 10. a. Describe the roles played by ATP and NAD+...Ch. 8.2 - Prob. 11CYPCh. 8.2 - 12. What is meant by the concept of the “final...Ch. 8.3 - 11. Relate the main points of bioenergetics and...Ch. 8.3 - 12. Describe the main catabolic pathways and their...Ch. 8.3 - 13. Define glycolysis and explain its input and...Ch. 8.3 - Prob. 14ELOCh. 8.3 - 15. Describe the components of the respiratory...Ch. 8.3 - 16. Explain the chemiosmotic mechanism of ATP...Ch. 8.3 - 17. Summarize the results of aerobic respiration.Ch. 8.3 - Prob. 18ELOCh. 8.3 - 13. Describe the basic energy strategies of...Ch. 8.3 - Prob. 14CYPCh. 8.3 - 15. Outline the basic steps in glycolysis,...Ch. 8.3 - Prob. 16CYPCh. 8.3 - 17. What is the fate of NADH in a fermentative...Ch. 8.3 - 18. Summarize the chemiosmotic theory of ATP...Ch. 8.3 - 19. Haw many ATPs could theoretically be formed...Ch. 8.3 - Prob. 20CYPCh. 8.3 - 21. Name the sources of oxygen in bacteria that...Ch. 8.3 - 22. What are the final electron acceptors in...Ch. 8.3 - Prob. 23CYPCh. 8.4 - 19. Explain what is meant by the term fermentation...Ch. 8.4 - 20. Describe some of the processes of fermentation...Ch. 8.4 - 24. What adaptive advantages does a fermentative...Ch. 8.4 - 25. Describe three patterns of fermentation...Ch. 8.5 - 21. Explain how cells perform anabolic functions...Ch. 8.5 - 22. Identify major pathways where molecules can be...Ch. 8.5 - 23. Briefly describe several mechanisms in...Ch. 8.5 - 26. What is meant by amphibolism, and what are its...Ch. 8.5 - Prob. 27CYPCh. 8.5 - 28. Which macromolecules are synthesized by...Ch. 8.6 - 24. Outline the general reactions of...Ch. 8.6 - 25. Describe the pigment systems and how they...Ch. 8.6 - 26. Describe the main events in the...Ch. 8.6 - 27. Describe the main events in the...Ch. 8.6 - 29. Indicate whether each of the following is...Ch. 8.6 - Prob. 30CYPCh. 8.6 - 31. What are the functions of chlorophyll and the...Ch. 8.6 - Prob. 32CYPCh. 8.6 - 33. Compare oxygenic with nonoxygenic...Ch. 8.L1 - 1. ______ is another term for biosynthesis. a....Ch. 8.L1 - Prob. 2MCQCh. 8.L1 - 3. An enzyme ___________ the activation energy...Ch. 8.L1 - 4. An enzyme a. becomes part of the final products...Ch. 8.L1 - 5. An apoenzyme is where the ___________ is...Ch. 8.L1 - 6. Many coenzymes contain a. metals b. vitamins c....Ch. 8.L1 - 7. To digest cellulose in its environment, a...Ch. 8.L1 - 8. Energy in biological systems is primarily a....Ch. 8.L1 - 9. Energy is carried from catabolic to anabolic...Ch. 8.L1 - 10. Exergonic reactions a. release potential...Ch. 8.L1 - Prob. 11MCQCh. 8.L1 - Prob. 12MCQCh. 8.L1 - Prob. 13MCQCh. 8.L1 - 14. Fermentation of a glucose molecule has the...Ch. 8.L1 - Prob. 15MCQCh. 8.L1 - Prob. 16MCQCh. 8.L1 - 17. The FADH2 formed during the Krebs cycle enters...Ch. 8.L1 - 18. The proton motive force is the result of a....Ch. 8.L1 - Prob. 19MCQCh. 8.L1 - Prob. 20MCQCh. 8.L1 - 21. The oxygen produced by photosynthesis comes...Ch. 8.L1 - Prob. 22MCQCh. 8.L1 - Prob. 1CSRCh. 8.L1 - Prob. 2CSRCh. 8.L1 - Prob. 3CSRCh. 8.L1 - Prob. 1WCCh. 8.L1 - 2. Give the general name of the enzyme a. converts...Ch. 8.L1 - 3. Explain what is unique about the actions of ATP...Ch. 8.L1 - Prob. 4WCCh. 8.L1 - 5. Describe four requirements required for...Ch. 8.L1 - Prob. 6WCCh. 8.L1 - Prob. 7WCCh. 8.L1 - Prob. 8WCCh. 8.L2 - 1. Use the following graph to diagram the...Ch. 8.L2 - 2. Explain what is meant by the “biochemical...Ch. 8.L2 - 3. Explain how it is possible for certain microbes...Ch. 8.L2 - 4. Suggest the advantages of having metabolic...Ch. 8.L2 - 5. Two steps in glycolysis are catalyzed by...Ch. 8.L2 - 6. Beer production requires an early period of...Ch. 8.L2 - 7. What would be the expected pHs of the matrix...Ch. 8.L2 - 8. At which site in the mitochondrion and...Ch. 8.L2 - Prob. 9CTCh. 8.L2 - Prob. 10CTCh. 8.L2 - 1. From chapter 7. figure 7.11 (reproduced below)....Ch. 8.L2 - 2. Look at the two figure parts (a) and (b) from...
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- 1. The two major functions of the endoplasmic reticulum are -phagocytosis -detoxification, packaging -ATP manufacturing, synthesis -synthesis, detoxificationarrow_forward47. When a scientist perceives substance moving from an area of high to low concentration, which one of the below statements CANNOT be assumed ? ( identify the false statement !!!) Group of answer choices the movement may continue until equilibrium is reached this could be a classical example of simple diffusion occurs when bacteria are in low nutrient availability environment the cell most likely is not utilising energy the energy exertion / input is for an downhill process 48. Identify the MISMATCH pair from the following, Group of answer choices zoophilic :::: transmitted through wool wound mycoses :::: chromoblastomycoses Melassezia furfur :::: pityriasis versicolor cutaneous mycoses :::: dermatophytoses superficial mycoses :::: mycetomasarrow_forward3. The electronic photograph shows an organelle, which is a large polyprotease complex consisting of a tubular and two regulatory parts located at both ends of the organelle. The latter performs the function of proteolysis. Name this organelle and explain its functional significance in the cell.arrow_forward
- 1. Which of the following statements is true? Mitochondria likely originated from an aerobic bacterium engulfed by a pre eukaryotic cell, the signal sequence that directs proteins into mitochondria matrix is a hydrophilic helix; proteins import into mitochondria cross the membrane in folded state; no energy is required for proteins import into mitochondria 2. Which of the following statements about vesicular transport is true? Clathrin is the only coat proteins used in vesicle formation; motor proteins are not needed for vesicular transport; the orientation of transmembrane proteins is not preserved during vesicular transport; cargo proteins do not cross membrane during vesicular transport 3. Which of the following statements regarding the nucleus is true? The nucleus is surrounded by a single layer of membrane, the nuclear envelope is not connected with the ER membrane, proteins of any size can freely diffuse through the nuclear pore complexesarrow_forward86. transport of molecules across a selectively permeable membrane requires the input of energy from transport of molecules across a selectively permeable membrane does not require the cell, whereas the use of cellular energy.arrow_forward8. The figure below illustrates a eukaryotic cell. Which of the following best describes how the three structures indicated by the arrows work together? Rough ER Golgi apparatus Vesicle (A) To synthesize lipids and modify toxic substances in order to render them harmless (B) To synthesize and isolate proteins for secretion or for use in the cell (C) To catabolize nutrients and produce ATP for intracellular energy storage (D) To synthesize all ribosomal proteins 9. Two nutrient solutions are maintained at the same pH. Actively respiring mitochondria are isolated and placed into each of the two solutions. Oxygen gas is bubbled into one solution. The other solution is depleted of available oxygen. Which of the following best explains why ATP production is greater in the tube with oxygen than in the tube without oxygen? (A) The rate of proton pumping across the inner mitochondrial membrane is lower in the sample without oxygen. (B) Electron transport is reduced in the absence of a plasma…arrow_forward
- 4. A researcher is interested in the mode of transport of three different substances (A, B, & C) across the cell membrane. The researcher's data is presented in the graphs below. A) A Initial rate of transport into the Bor C cell Concentration The graph above shows the initial rate of transport for each substance when cells that do not contain A, B, or C are placed in solutions of differing concentrations of A, B, and C, respectively. Based on this data, which of the following is/are compatible modes of transport for substance A? (active transport, facilitated diffusion, simple diffusion) For substance B? For substance C?arrow_forward8. Which of the following ion transport functions must be carried out by a pump? a. transport of Na+ from the extracellular space to the cytosol b. transport of glucose from the extracellular space to the cytosol c. transport of K+ from the cytosol to the extracellular space d. transport of Na+ from the cytosol to the nucleus e. transport of Na+ from the cytosol to the extracellular space.arrow_forward9. Match each of the following statements related to membrane transport processes to the appropriate term: passive transport, facilitated transport, active transport. More than one term may apply in a given situation. _a. Movement across the membrane is against the concentration gradient. _b. Proteins serve as "gates." _c. Expenditure of cellular energy is required. _d. Movement across the membrane is from a high to a low concentration.arrow_forward
- 6. During chemiosmosis, protons flow back down their gradient passing through an enzyme that is embedded in the membrane called ?arrow_forward5. Why can bacteria (prokaryotic cells) not undergo cellular respiration? What process do they use to acquire cellular energy instead?arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements about proteins is correct? a. Proteins are transported to the rough ER for use within the cell. b. Lipids and carbohydrates are added to proteins by the Golgi complex. c. Proteins are transported directly into the cytosol for secretion from the cell. d. Proteins that are to be stored by the cell are moved to the rough ER. e. Proteins are synthesized in vesicles.arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
- Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)BiologyISBN:9781305389892Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillanPublisher:Cengage Learning
Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
Biology
ISBN:9781305389892
Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Endosymbiotic Theory; Author: Amoeba Sisters;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FGnS-Xk0ZqU;License: Standard Youtube License