Foundations in Microbiology
10th Edition
ISBN: 9781259705212
Author: Kathleen Park Talaro, Barry Chess Instructor
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Question
Chapter 8.L1, Problem 4WC
Summary Introduction
To determine:
The general equations for aerobic
Introduction:
Aerobic respiration is a series of enzyme-catalyzed reactions in which electrons are transferred from fuel molecules such as glucose to oxygen as a final electron acceptor. This pathway is the principal energy-yielding scheme for aerobic heterotrophs, and it provides both ATP and metabolic intermediates for many other pathways in the cell, including those of protein, lipid, and carbohydrate synthesis.
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionStudents have asked these similar questions
A. Using a simplified series of diagrams describe how a cell can extract 38 molecules of ATP(net)from one molecule of glucoses.
B.What is the difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration? How is fermentation different from both of them? Discuss two common fermentations that we use to make everyday useful products.
IDENTIFICATION
1. A type of reaction that occurs when an energy absorbing reaction requires an
input from an energy releasing reaction.
2. What does ATP stands for?
3. What does ADP stands for?
4. When a phosphate bond is broken energy is released from ATP. This type of
reaction is
5. To reconnect the phosphate with ADP energy must be absorbed from the
breakdown of glucose during cellular metabolism. This type of reaction that occurs
with glucose is
6. A biochemical process that involves the addition of phosphate to an organic
compound.
7. How many kilojoules is released with ADP is reduced to ADP?
8. ATP is also formed from the process of cellular respiration in the mitochondria of a
cell through
9. ATP is also produced in bacteria in the absence of oxygen called
10. A method in food processing which can produce small amounts of ATP is called
1. a) Calculate the approximate net yield of ATP during the aerobic conversion of 2 glycerol to 1 glucose. Show work
Chapter 8 Solutions
Foundations in Microbiology
Ch. 8.1 - 1. Define metabolism and differentiate its two...Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 2ELOCh. 8.1 - 3. outline the prominent characteristics of...Ch. 8.1 - 4. Explain how enzymes lower the energy required...Ch. 8.1 - 5. Discuss enzyme structure, and interactions...Ch. 8.1 - 6. Describe the types of enzyme functions and...Ch. 8.1 - 7. Summarize key features of enzyme regulation.Ch. 8.1 - 1. Differentiate between catabolism and anabolism...Ch. 8.1 - 2. Describe 10 important biochemical properties of...Ch. 8.1 - 3. Describe the chemistry of enzymes, and explain...
Ch. 8.1 - 4. Show diagrammatically the interaction of...Ch. 8.1 - 5. Differentiate among the chemical composition...Ch. 8.1 - 6. Summarize the direct and indirect controls that...Ch. 8.2 - Prob. 8ELOCh. 8.2 - 9. Describe biological oxidation-reduction and...Ch. 8.2 - Prob. 10ELOCh. 8.2 - 7. Explain how oxidation of a substrate proceeds...Ch. 8.2 - 8. Refer to the blue redox equation for...Ch. 8.2 - 9. In the following redox pairs, which compound is...Ch. 8.2 - 10. a. Describe the roles played by ATP and NAD+...Ch. 8.2 - Prob. 11CYPCh. 8.2 - 12. What is meant by the concept of the “final...Ch. 8.3 - 11. Relate the main points of bioenergetics and...Ch. 8.3 - 12. Describe the main catabolic pathways and their...Ch. 8.3 - 13. Define glycolysis and explain its input and...Ch. 8.3 - Prob. 14ELOCh. 8.3 - 15. Describe the components of the respiratory...Ch. 8.3 - 16. Explain the chemiosmotic mechanism of ATP...Ch. 8.3 - 17. Summarize the results of aerobic respiration.Ch. 8.3 - Prob. 18ELOCh. 8.3 - 13. Describe the basic energy strategies of...Ch. 8.3 - Prob. 14CYPCh. 8.3 - 15. Outline the basic steps in glycolysis,...Ch. 8.3 - Prob. 16CYPCh. 8.3 - 17. What is the fate of NADH in a fermentative...Ch. 8.3 - 18. Summarize the chemiosmotic theory of ATP...Ch. 8.3 - 19. Haw many ATPs could theoretically be formed...Ch. 8.3 - Prob. 20CYPCh. 8.3 - 21. Name the sources of oxygen in bacteria that...Ch. 8.3 - 22. What are the final electron acceptors in...Ch. 8.3 - Prob. 23CYPCh. 8.4 - 19. Explain what is meant by the term fermentation...Ch. 8.4 - 20. Describe some of the processes of fermentation...Ch. 8.4 - 24. What adaptive advantages does a fermentative...Ch. 8.4 - 25. Describe three patterns of fermentation...Ch. 8.5 - 21. Explain how cells perform anabolic functions...Ch. 8.5 - 22. Identify major pathways where molecules can be...Ch. 8.5 - 23. Briefly describe several mechanisms in...Ch. 8.5 - 26. What is meant by amphibolism, and what are its...Ch. 8.5 - Prob. 27CYPCh. 8.5 - 28. Which macromolecules are synthesized by...Ch. 8.6 - 24. Outline the general reactions of...Ch. 8.6 - 25. Describe the pigment systems and how they...Ch. 8.6 - 26. Describe the main events in the...Ch. 8.6 - 27. Describe the main events in the...Ch. 8.6 - 29. Indicate whether each of the following is...Ch. 8.6 - Prob. 30CYPCh. 8.6 - 31. What are the functions of chlorophyll and the...Ch. 8.6 - Prob. 32CYPCh. 8.6 - 33. Compare oxygenic with nonoxygenic...Ch. 8.L1 - 1. ______ is another term for biosynthesis. a....Ch. 8.L1 - Prob. 2MCQCh. 8.L1 - 3. An enzyme ___________ the activation energy...Ch. 8.L1 - 4. An enzyme a. becomes part of the final products...Ch. 8.L1 - 5. An apoenzyme is where the ___________ is...Ch. 8.L1 - 6. Many coenzymes contain a. metals b. vitamins c....Ch. 8.L1 - 7. To digest cellulose in its environment, a...Ch. 8.L1 - 8. Energy in biological systems is primarily a....Ch. 8.L1 - 9. Energy is carried from catabolic to anabolic...Ch. 8.L1 - 10. Exergonic reactions a. release potential...Ch. 8.L1 - Prob. 11MCQCh. 8.L1 - Prob. 12MCQCh. 8.L1 - Prob. 13MCQCh. 8.L1 - 14. Fermentation of a glucose molecule has the...Ch. 8.L1 - Prob. 15MCQCh. 8.L1 - Prob. 16MCQCh. 8.L1 - 17. The FADH2 formed during the Krebs cycle enters...Ch. 8.L1 - 18. The proton motive force is the result of a....Ch. 8.L1 - Prob. 19MCQCh. 8.L1 - Prob. 20MCQCh. 8.L1 - 21. The oxygen produced by photosynthesis comes...Ch. 8.L1 - Prob. 22MCQCh. 8.L1 - Prob. 1CSRCh. 8.L1 - Prob. 2CSRCh. 8.L1 - Prob. 3CSRCh. 8.L1 - Prob. 1WCCh. 8.L1 - 2. Give the general name of the enzyme a. converts...Ch. 8.L1 - 3. Explain what is unique about the actions of ATP...Ch. 8.L1 - Prob. 4WCCh. 8.L1 - 5. Describe four requirements required for...Ch. 8.L1 - Prob. 6WCCh. 8.L1 - Prob. 7WCCh. 8.L1 - Prob. 8WCCh. 8.L2 - 1. Use the following graph to diagram the...Ch. 8.L2 - 2. Explain what is meant by the “biochemical...Ch. 8.L2 - 3. Explain how it is possible for certain microbes...Ch. 8.L2 - 4. Suggest the advantages of having metabolic...Ch. 8.L2 - 5. Two steps in glycolysis are catalyzed by...Ch. 8.L2 - 6. Beer production requires an early period of...Ch. 8.L2 - 7. What would be the expected pHs of the matrix...Ch. 8.L2 - 8. At which site in the mitochondrion and...Ch. 8.L2 - Prob. 9CTCh. 8.L2 - Prob. 10CTCh. 8.L2 - 1. From chapter 7. figure 7.11 (reproduced below)....Ch. 8.L2 - 2. Look at the two figure parts (a) and (b) from...
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- 3. A recently discovered mutant yeast has a shorter glycolytic pathway, and with a new enzyme that catalyzes the reaction: Glyceraldehyde-3-P + H₂ + NAD+ ‒‒‒‒‒‒> 3-phosphoglycerate + NADH+H* Would shortening the glycolytic pathway in this way benefit the cell? Explain. Consider metabolic outcomes only in anaerobic conditions.arrow_forwardA4. what conformational state is stabilized by y in atp synthase? why might achieving this state require energy input from the pmf?arrow_forwardWe have discussed the aerobic metabolism of glucose extensively in this class. To capture and use the energy in glucose to make ATP, we must utilize 4 different sequential pathways/steps. Starting with one glucose molecule and eventually ending with CO, H;O and ATP, list the 4 pathways/steps in order and tell me what molecules enter each pathway, and what the final products of each pathway are. Edit View Insert Format Tools Table 12pt v Paragraph v BIUAv ev Tov : Iarrow_forward
- 2B. Calculate the total number of ATP that will be generated from the complete B-oxidation of oncobic acid (CH:(CH,),CH=CH(CH,),COOH; 15:1 cis-A9) in an organism that has all the standard required enzymes for metabolism but which pumps only 2 H" in complex I, 0 H' in complex II, 2 H* in complex III and 4 H' in complex IV. The F,F, ATPase is composed of 3 a/ß subunits and 10 c subunits. Show all of your calculations. HOarrow_forward8. In patients with diabetes mellitus type 1, the biochemical disorders result from changes in fuel metabolism. One of these signs is acidosis, Explain why such patients have a deviation of blood pH from the norm? For this 9. b) write the reactions of synthesis and oxidation of these molecules, name the enzymes, coenzymes, reaction localization: Xarrow_forward1. Describe the glucose oxidase's general enzymatic class (oxidoreductase, transferase, isomerase, hydrolase, ligase, or lyase), which types of cells express this enzyme, and what its role is within those cells and/or their surrounding tissues. 2. Describe glucose oxidase's substrate, the substrate’s biological relevance, and identify the main interaction that governs how the substrate binds (e.g. specific salt bridges, negative/positive patches, hydrophobic pockets) 3. Describe two different ways in which glucose oxidase is regulated. These mechanisms of regulation do not need tobe allosteric in nature, but they often are—for any allosteric regulatory mechanisms, indicate whether they arepositive/negative, homotropic/heterotropic, and whether they constitute an example of feedback inhibitionarrow_forward
- C. Give the name of the enzyme that will most likely catalyze each of the following reactions: 1. СНз- СH2 - ОН + NAD+ -> CHз— С — Н NADH + H+ Ans. 2. CНз — С - СООН + R - CH— СООН CHз — СH — СООН + R - С- СООН NH2 NH2 Ans. 3. НО - С — CH - СCH2 — С — ОН НО - С — СH%3D CН - С — ОН + H2O OH Ans. 4. СО2 + CHз - С- С-он + о НО - С - СН2 -С-С-ОН оо АТР ADF + Pi Ans. 5. СНО СНО НО - С — Н H-C- OH НО - С - Н НО - С - н Н-С-ОН Н-С-ОН Н-С-ОН Н-С-ОН CH-ОН CH2OH Ans.arrow_forward3. Distinguish the correct statements about oxidative phosphorylation. I. 1 poir Oxidative phosphorylation generates ATP by transferring phosphate group directly to ADP molecule. II. Oxidative phosphorylation occurs inside mitochondria and the source of energy is from sunlight. II. Oxidative phosphorylation occurs inside mitochondria and the source of energy is from glucose. IV. Oxidative phosphorylation is based on electrons moving through ETC and production of a proton-motive force that drives ATP synthase. A. I & II O B. I & II O C. II & IV D. III & IV pc FATDarrow_forward1, For EACH of the following enzyme categories, (1) describe what the general function of the enzyme is; (2) identify a SPECIFIC enzyme in glycolysis that performs this function; and (3) identify the names of the organic substrate and product for the specific enzyme identified. Remember that the name of the category need not appear in the actual name of the enzyme. A. First enzyme category: kinase (answer (1), (2), and (3) B. Second enzyme category: dehydrogenase (answer (1), (2), and (3) C. Third enzyme category: isomerase (answer (1), (2), and (3)arrow_forward
- Choose all of the following true statements. Hint: 6 statements are true. □ If an electron moves from an atom of higher electronegativity to an atom with lower electronegativity, energy is released. O Glycolysis occurs with or without oxygen present. Other biomolecules such as lipids, disaccharides, and proteins can enter the biochemical pathway of aerobic respiration just not directly into the first step of glycolysis. Molecules other than glucose can be broken down and used to build up ATP in aerobic respiration. Glycolysis occurs during both alcohol and lactic acid fermentation, producing 2 net ATP. The higher the electronegativity of an atom, the tighter it holds an electron and the lower its potential energy. Water is the final electron acceptor of the ETC in aerobic respiration. Each protein component of the ETC in aerobic respiration is more electronegative than the last.arrow_forward1. Calculate the ATP yield from oxidation of palmitic acid, taking into account the energy needed to activate the fatty acid and transport it into mitochon- dria. Do the same for stearic acid, linoleic acid, and oleic acid.arrow_forward2a. Describe the structural differences between cellulose and glycogen. 2b. State one structural feature of glycogen accounting for its energy storage role.arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
- Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life (MindTap...BiologyISBN:9781305073951Author:Cecie Starr, Ralph Taggart, Christine Evers, Lisa StarrPublisher:Cengage Learning
Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life (MindTap...
Biology
ISBN:9781305073951
Author:Cecie Starr, Ralph Taggart, Christine Evers, Lisa Starr
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Anaerobic Respiration; Author: Bozeman Science;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cDC29iBxb3w;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY