Foundations in Microbiology
10th Edition
ISBN: 9781259705212
Author: Kathleen Park Talaro, Barry Chess Instructor
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Textbook Question
Chapter 8.2, Problem 8CYP
8. Refer to the blue redox equation for glucose.Which substance is reduced? Which is oxidized? Which is the oxidizing agent? Which is the reducing agent?
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10. General equation of anaerobic oxidation of glucose.
6. AG of ATP hydrolysis to ADP and phosphate at 25°C is-30.5 kJ/mol. It means:
A) ATP is fast hydrolyzed in aqueous solution, either catalytically or non-catalytically
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C) equilibrium constant for ATP hydrolysis is much less than one
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D)
E)
without proper enzyme hydrolysis of ATP does not occur
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Chapter 8 Solutions
Foundations in Microbiology
Ch. 8.1 - 1. Define metabolism and differentiate its two...Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 2ELOCh. 8.1 - 3. outline the prominent characteristics of...Ch. 8.1 - 4. Explain how enzymes lower the energy required...Ch. 8.1 - 5. Discuss enzyme structure, and interactions...Ch. 8.1 - 6. Describe the types of enzyme functions and...Ch. 8.1 - 7. Summarize key features of enzyme regulation.Ch. 8.1 - 1. Differentiate between catabolism and anabolism...Ch. 8.1 - 2. Describe 10 important biochemical properties of...Ch. 8.1 - 3. Describe the chemistry of enzymes, and explain...
Ch. 8.1 - 4. Show diagrammatically the interaction of...Ch. 8.1 - 5. Differentiate among the chemical composition...Ch. 8.1 - 6. Summarize the direct and indirect controls that...Ch. 8.2 - Prob. 8ELOCh. 8.2 - 9. Describe biological oxidation-reduction and...Ch. 8.2 - Prob. 10ELOCh. 8.2 - 7. Explain how oxidation of a substrate proceeds...Ch. 8.2 - 8. Refer to the blue redox equation for...Ch. 8.2 - 9. In the following redox pairs, which compound is...Ch. 8.2 - 10. a. Describe the roles played by ATP and NAD+...Ch. 8.2 - Prob. 11CYPCh. 8.2 - 12. What is meant by the concept of the “final...Ch. 8.3 - 11. Relate the main points of bioenergetics and...Ch. 8.3 - 12. Describe the main catabolic pathways and their...Ch. 8.3 - 13. Define glycolysis and explain its input and...Ch. 8.3 - Prob. 14ELOCh. 8.3 - 15. Describe the components of the respiratory...Ch. 8.3 - 16. Explain the chemiosmotic mechanism of ATP...Ch. 8.3 - 17. Summarize the results of aerobic respiration.Ch. 8.3 - Prob. 18ELOCh. 8.3 - 13. Describe the basic energy strategies of...Ch. 8.3 - Prob. 14CYPCh. 8.3 - 15. Outline the basic steps in glycolysis,...Ch. 8.3 - Prob. 16CYPCh. 8.3 - 17. What is the fate of NADH in a fermentative...Ch. 8.3 - 18. Summarize the chemiosmotic theory of ATP...Ch. 8.3 - 19. Haw many ATPs could theoretically be formed...Ch. 8.3 - Prob. 20CYPCh. 8.3 - 21. Name the sources of oxygen in bacteria that...Ch. 8.3 - 22. What are the final electron acceptors in...Ch. 8.3 - Prob. 23CYPCh. 8.4 - 19. Explain what is meant by the term fermentation...Ch. 8.4 - 20. Describe some of the processes of fermentation...Ch. 8.4 - 24. What adaptive advantages does a fermentative...Ch. 8.4 - 25. Describe three patterns of fermentation...Ch. 8.5 - 21. Explain how cells perform anabolic functions...Ch. 8.5 - 22. Identify major pathways where molecules can be...Ch. 8.5 - 23. Briefly describe several mechanisms in...Ch. 8.5 - 26. What is meant by amphibolism, and what are its...Ch. 8.5 - Prob. 27CYPCh. 8.5 - 28. Which macromolecules are synthesized by...Ch. 8.6 - 24. Outline the general reactions of...Ch. 8.6 - 25. Describe the pigment systems and how they...Ch. 8.6 - 26. Describe the main events in the...Ch. 8.6 - 27. Describe the main events in the...Ch. 8.6 - 29. Indicate whether each of the following is...Ch. 8.6 - Prob. 30CYPCh. 8.6 - 31. What are the functions of chlorophyll and the...Ch. 8.6 - Prob. 32CYPCh. 8.6 - 33. Compare oxygenic with nonoxygenic...Ch. 8.L1 - 1. ______ is another term for biosynthesis. a....Ch. 8.L1 - Prob. 2MCQCh. 8.L1 - 3. An enzyme ___________ the activation energy...Ch. 8.L1 - 4. An enzyme a. becomes part of the final products...Ch. 8.L1 - 5. An apoenzyme is where the ___________ is...Ch. 8.L1 - 6. Many coenzymes contain a. metals b. vitamins c....Ch. 8.L1 - 7. To digest cellulose in its environment, a...Ch. 8.L1 - 8. Energy in biological systems is primarily a....Ch. 8.L1 - 9. Energy is carried from catabolic to anabolic...Ch. 8.L1 - 10. Exergonic reactions a. release potential...Ch. 8.L1 - Prob. 11MCQCh. 8.L1 - Prob. 12MCQCh. 8.L1 - Prob. 13MCQCh. 8.L1 - 14. Fermentation of a glucose molecule has the...Ch. 8.L1 - Prob. 15MCQCh. 8.L1 - Prob. 16MCQCh. 8.L1 - 17. The FADH2 formed during the Krebs cycle enters...Ch. 8.L1 - 18. The proton motive force is the result of a....Ch. 8.L1 - Prob. 19MCQCh. 8.L1 - Prob. 20MCQCh. 8.L1 - 21. The oxygen produced by photosynthesis comes...Ch. 8.L1 - Prob. 22MCQCh. 8.L1 - Prob. 1CSRCh. 8.L1 - Prob. 2CSRCh. 8.L1 - Prob. 3CSRCh. 8.L1 - Prob. 1WCCh. 8.L1 - 2. Give the general name of the enzyme a. converts...Ch. 8.L1 - 3. Explain what is unique about the actions of ATP...Ch. 8.L1 - Prob. 4WCCh. 8.L1 - 5. Describe four requirements required for...Ch. 8.L1 - Prob. 6WCCh. 8.L1 - Prob. 7WCCh. 8.L1 - Prob. 8WCCh. 8.L2 - 1. Use the following graph to diagram the...Ch. 8.L2 - 2. Explain what is meant by the “biochemical...Ch. 8.L2 - 3. Explain how it is possible for certain microbes...Ch. 8.L2 - 4. Suggest the advantages of having metabolic...Ch. 8.L2 - 5. Two steps in glycolysis are catalyzed by...Ch. 8.L2 - 6. Beer production requires an early period of...Ch. 8.L2 - 7. What would be the expected pHs of the matrix...Ch. 8.L2 - 8. At which site in the mitochondrion and...Ch. 8.L2 - Prob. 9CTCh. 8.L2 - Prob. 10CTCh. 8.L2 - 1. From chapter 7. figure 7.11 (reproduced below)....Ch. 8.L2 - 2. Look at the two figure parts (a) and (b) from...
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- ⇔ For the enzymes involved in producing ATP at an extremely high rate, please indicate the products andreactants (written as a GENERAL chemical equation) and enzymes involved in the reactions. Enzyme 1: Equation 1: Enzyme 2: Equation 2: Enzyme 3: Equation 3:arrow_forward13. Calculate the equilibrium constant K'eg, for each of the following reactions at pH 7.0 and 25°C. glucose + Pi a. Glucose 6-phosphate + H20 enz. Glucose 6-phosphatase; AG'O=-13.8kJ/molarrow_forward13. If the following two reactions were coupled, what would be the AG for the overall exergonic reaction? ATP+ H20 ADP+ Pi AG = -31 kJ/mol Glucose+ Pi → glucose-l-phosphate +H20 AG=21 kJ/mol A) -52 kJ/mol B) -10 kJ/mol C) 10 kJ/mol D) 52 kJ/mol E) none of the abovearrow_forward
- 1. In a catabolic pathway, metabolite X gets converted into metabolite Y, metabolite X 0 J mol-¹ and AG' is <0 J mol-¹ for this reaction. a) At standard states, is this reaction favorable? b) Is the reaction favorable or unfavorable at cellular condition? c) Is this an endergonic or exergonic reaction in the cell? d) Would you describe this as a thermodynamically downhill or uphill reaction in the cell?arrow_forward1) 4 ms. Name an enzyme that requires NAD/NADH for activity. Draw the chemistry of this reaction (show mechanism).arrow_forward4) What is the net ATP produced from the complete oxidation to CO2 and H20 of a Cao saturated fatty acid? Show calculations below.arrow_forward
- 4.Pepsin is the proteolytic enzyme of gastric juice. The active form of this enzyme is formed from pepsinogen under HCL action.Optimum of enzyme action: pH = 1.5, t = 37°. Describe the properties of this enzyme. For this:1)Name and explain the mechanism of this enzyme activation.2)Draw the plot and explain the effects of pH and t on the reaction velocity.3) Explain how changes the velocity of this reaction in patients suffering from hypoacidie gastritis.arrow_forward19. Calculate the standard free-energy change of the reaction catalyzed by the enzyme phosphoglucomutase, given the equilibrium concentration of 1.0 mM glucose-1-phosphate and 19 mM glucose-6-phosphate at 25 C. Glucose-6-phosphate Glucose-1-phosphatearrow_forward8. In patients with diabetes mellitus type I, the biochemical disorders result from changes in fuel metabolism. One of these signs is acidosis. Explain why such patients have a deviation of blood pH from the norm? For this: b) write the reactions of synthesis and oxidation of these molecules, name the enzymes, coenzymes, reaction localization;arrow_forward
- 21. Based upon the following reactions, what would be the AG" for the formation of ATP from phosphoenolpyruvate and ADP? ATP → ADP + Pi phosphoenolpyruvate pyruvate + Pi AG" = -31.5 kJ/mol AG"=-62.2 kJ/molarrow_forward8. In patients with diabetes mellitus type 1, the biochemical disorders result from changes in fuel metabolism. One of these signs is acidosis, Explain why such patients have a deviation of blood pH from the norm? For this 9. b) write the reactions of synthesis and oxidation of these molecules, name the enzymes, coenzymes, reaction localization: Xarrow_forward1. Hydrolysis of 1 M glucose 6-phosphate catalyzed by glucose 6-phosphatase is 99% complete at equilibrium (i.e., 1% of the substrate remains). Which of the following statements is most nearly correct? (R= 8.315 J/mol-K; T = 298 K) A AG" is-11 kl/mol. B) AG" is +5 kJ/mol. C) AG" is 0 kJ/mol. DAG" is +11 kJ/mol. E) AG" cannot be determined from the information given. Explain your choice in one line: -2.16x298 (2) - 11386.15 -> 11.4 КТ 5 The high state conculto alle My negative and st" positive (either for D) then onditions, onearrow_forward
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