Chemistry: Structure and Properties (2nd Edition)
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9780134293936
Author: Nivaldo J. Tro
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 5, Problem 95E
Interpretation Introduction
To determine: Whether each one of the given vitamin molecules is fat soluble (mostly nonpolar) or water soluble (mostly polar).
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Water alone does not easily remove grease from dishes or hands because grease is nonpolar and water is polar. The addition of soap to water, however, allows the grease to dissolve. Study the structure of sodium stearate (a soap) and describe how its structure allows it to interact with both nonpolar grease and polar water
Fill in the blanks:
The soap molecule has a nonpolar ____ and a polar ____ when it is dissolved in water. When it dissolves in water, the sodium stearate congregates to form small spheres (called micelles) with the _____ on the inside and the _______ on the surface. The _______ interacts with the polar water molecules, while the ________ can attract and interact with the nonpolar grease. This allows the soapy water to remove the grease by trapping the grease inside the micelle.
Options for blanks are:
catonic end
hydrocarbon end
anionic end
1. How are covalent bonds formed? What type(s) of elements form covalent bonds?
2. How do the names of molecular compounds differ from the names of ionic compounds?
3. Explain the VSEPR theory and how it is used to determine the shape of a molecule.
4. Why is it necessary to draw the Lewis structure before determining the polarity or
attractive force of a molecule?
5. How does the type of attractive force affect the melting point of a molecule?
Indicate whether each of the following molecules is polar or nonpolar. The molecular geometry is given in parentheses.
a. PH2Cl (trigonal pyramidal with P at the apex)
b.SO3 (trigonal planar with S in the center position)
c.CH2Cl2 (tetrahedral with C in the center position)
d.CCl4 (tetrahedral with C in the center position)
Chapter 5 Solutions
Chemistry: Structure and Properties (2nd Edition)
Ch. 5 - What is electronegativity? What are the periodic...Ch. 5 - Explain the difference between a pure covalent...Ch. 5 - What is meant by the percent ionic character of a...Ch. 5 - Prob. 4ECh. 5 - What is the magnitude of the dipole moment formed...Ch. 5 - What is the basic procedure for writing a covalent...Ch. 5 - How do you determine the number of electrons that...Ch. 5 - What are resonance structures? What is a resonance...Ch. 5 - Prob. 9ECh. 5 - Prob. 10E
Ch. 5 - Prob. 11ECh. 5 - Prob. 12ECh. 5 - What is bond energy?Ch. 5 - Give some examples of some typical bond lengths....Ch. 5 - Why is molecular geometry important? Cite some...Ch. 5 - According to VSEPR theory, what determines the...Ch. 5 - Name and draw the five basic electron geometries,...Ch. 5 - Explain the difference between electron geometry...Ch. 5 - List the correct electron and molecular geometries...Ch. 5 - How do you apply VSEPR theory to predict the shape...Ch. 5 - How do you determine if a molecule is polar?Ch. 5 - Why is polarity a key connection between the...Ch. 5 - Prob. 23ECh. 5 - Determine if a bond between each pair of atoms...Ch. 5 - Prob. 25ECh. 5 - Draw the Lewis structure for BrF with an arrow...Ch. 5 - Prob. 27ECh. 5 - Write the Lewis structure for each molecule. NF3...Ch. 5 - Prob. 29ECh. 5 - Write the Lewis structure for each molecule. CH2O...Ch. 5 - Prob. 31ECh. 5 - Prob. 32ECh. 5 - Write the Lewis structure for each molecule or ion...Ch. 5 - Prob. 34ECh. 5 - Write a Lewis structure that obeys the octet rule...Ch. 5 - Prob. 36ECh. 5 - Use formal charge to determine which Lewis...Ch. 5 - Prob. 38ECh. 5 - How important is this resonance structure to the...Ch. 5 - Prob. 40ECh. 5 - Prob. 41ECh. 5 - Prob. 42ECh. 5 - Determine the formal charges of the atoms shown in...Ch. 5 - Prob. 44ECh. 5 - Prob. 45ECh. 5 - Write the Lewis structure for each molecule (octet...Ch. 5 - Prob. 47ECh. 5 - Write Lewis structures for each molecule or ion....Ch. 5 - Prob. 49ECh. 5 - Write Lewis structures for each molecule or ion....Ch. 5 - List these compounds in order of increasing...Ch. 5 - Which of these compounds has the stronger...Ch. 5 - A molecule with the formula AB3 has a trigonal...Ch. 5 - A molecule with the formula AB3 has a trigonal...Ch. 5 - For each molecular geometry shown here, list the...Ch. 5 - For each molecular geometry shown here, list the...Ch. 5 - Determine the electron geometry, molecular...Ch. 5 - Determine the electron geometry, molecular...Ch. 5 - Which species has the smaller bond angle, H3O+ or...Ch. 5 - Which species has the smaller bond angle; C1O4- or...Ch. 5 - Determine the molecular geometry and draw each...Ch. 5 - Determine the molecular geometry and draw each...Ch. 5 - Determine the molecular geometry about each...Ch. 5 - Prob. 64ECh. 5 - Prob. 65ECh. 5 - Prob. 66ECh. 5 - Prob. 67ECh. 5 - Determine the geometry about each interior atom in...Ch. 5 - Explain why CO2 and CCl4 are both nonpolar even...Ch. 5 - CH3F is a polar molecule, even though the...Ch. 5 - Determine whether each molecule in Exercise 57 is...Ch. 5 - Prob. 72ECh. 5 - Determine whether each molecule or ion is polar or...Ch. 5 - Determine whether each molecule is polar or...Ch. 5 - Each compound contains both ionic and covalent...Ch. 5 - Prob. 76ECh. 5 - Carbon ring structures are common in organic...Ch. 5 - Prob. 78ECh. 5 - Prob. 79ECh. 5 - Diazomethane is a highly poisonous, explosive...Ch. 5 - Prob. 81ECh. 5 - Phosgene (Cl2CO) is a poisonous gas that was used...Ch. 5 - The cyanate ion (OCN-) and the fulminate ion...Ch. 5 - Prob. 84ECh. 5 - Prob. 85ECh. 5 - Prob. 86ECh. 5 - Prob. 87ECh. 5 - Prob. 88ECh. 5 - Prob. 89ECh. 5 - Free radicals are important in many...Ch. 5 - A compound composed of only carbon and hydrogen is...Ch. 5 - A compound composed of only carbon and chlorine is...Ch. 5 - Prob. 93ECh. 5 - The genetic code is based on four different bases...Ch. 5 - Prob. 95ECh. 5 - Prob. 96ECh. 5 - Prob. 97ECh. 5 - A 0.167-g sample of an unknown compound contains...Ch. 5 - Use the dipole moments of HF and HCI (given at the...Ch. 5 - One form of phosphorus exists as P4 molecules....Ch. 5 - A compound has the formula C8H8 and does not...Ch. 5 - Draw the Lewis structure for acetamide (CH3CONH2),...Ch. 5 - Prob. 103ECh. 5 - In the very first chapter of this book, we...Ch. 5 - Which statement best captures the fundamental idea...Ch. 5 - Prob. 106ECh. 5 - Have each member of your group represent an atom...Ch. 5 - Prob. 108ECh. 5 - Prob. 109ECh. 5 - Prob. 110ECh. 5 - Pass a piece of paper around the group and ask...Ch. 5 - Prob. 112ECh. 5 - At least two different numbers of electron groups...Ch. 5 - Prob. 114ECh. 5 - The VSEPR model is useful in predicting bond...Ch. 5 - Which set of elements is arranged in order of...Ch. 5 - Prob. 2SAQCh. 5 - Which pair of atoms forms the most polar bond? C...Ch. 5 - Which pair of atoms forms a nonpolar covalent...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5SAQCh. 5 - Prob. 6SAQCh. 5 - Prob. 7SAQCh. 5 - Prob. 8SAQCh. 5 - Prob. 9SAQCh. 5 - Prob. 10SAQCh. 5 - Prob. 11SAQCh. 5 - Predict the relative bond angles in BF3 and SO2Ch. 5 - Predict the molecular geometry about N in the...Ch. 5 - Which molecule is polar?
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, chemistry and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- The structural formula for vitamin C is Give a molecular-level explanation why vitamin C is a water-soluble rather than a fat-soluble vitamin.arrow_forwardWhy is the geometric structure of a molecule important, especially for biological molecules?arrow_forwardThe structural formula for the open-chain form of glucose is Glucose dissolves readily in water. Use molecular structure principles to explain why glucose is so water-soluble.arrow_forward
- Explain how a molecule that contains polar bonds can be nonpolar.arrow_forwardIs the Cl2BBCl2 molecule polar or nonpolar?arrow_forwardDraw the lewis electron dot of each and predict the shape of each molecule that will form. Then determine whether each molecule will be polar or nonpolar. 1. IBr 2. PCl3 3. C2H2 4. NH2Cl 5. CCl4 6. H2S 7. SO3arrow_forward
- 6. How can the atomic composition and shape of a molecule affect its polarity? K/U Carrow_forward1. Determine the Lewis structure, shape, and polarity of the following molecules a. BrO2-, bromite ion b. BrO3-, bromate ion c, Cl207, dichlorine heptoxide 2. Write all the valid Lewis structures of bromate ion.arrow_forward4. Lewis dot structures are good tools for showing the arrangement of valence electrons in a molecule. They don't however convey correct information about the shape of a molecule. A student described the shapes of the molecules shown below. Both are incorrect. Write an explanation for this student explaining what he did wrong and giving the correct shape of each molecule based on VSEPR theory. Lewis Structure Student identified molecule geometry as... Н—О—H Linear WATER H H:C:H Square planar H МЕТHANEarrow_forward
- Draw the lewis electron dot of each and predict the shape of each molecule that will form. Then determine whether each molecule will be polar or nonpolar. 5. CCl4 6. H2S 7. SO3arrow_forwardResonance Structures A molecule with delocalized electrons often cannot be expressed by one single Lewis structure. The structure is represented by several contributing structures called resonance structures. A resonance hybrid is an average of the various Lewis structures. The resonance structure should not be interpreted as a molecule switching between forms, but a molecule acting as an average of multiple forms. Rules for Drawing Resonance Structures: 1. Total number of electrons must stay same. 2. All sigma (single) bonds MUST stay the same. 3. Net charge must stay the same. 4. Pi electrons (double or triple bonds) can move. 5. Nonbonding electrons can move. It is easiest to draw a “template" of the single bonds and then add the extra electrons in various places. Draw the three best Lewis structures for pentadienyl anion, C3H7 using the template below. You have 6 more electrons to add to each one. Calculate the charges. C: 4- Draw the four best Lewis structures for phenoxide anion,…arrow_forwardThe element sulphur has atomic number 16. Sulphur forms a molecular compound with chloride with a molecular formula SCl2. The atomic number of chlorine is 17. 1. Write down the electronic configuration of a sulphur atom and a chlorine atom. 2. Draw a Lewis structure of an SCl2 molecule, by showing the electrons in the outer shells of the atoms. 3. State how many bond pairs and lone pairs of electrons are arranged around the sulphur atoms in SCl2 molecule. 4. Sketch the shape and state the molecular geometry of SCl2 molecule. 5. Explain the hybridisation of the central atom in SCl2 molecule. 6.Explain the intermolecular forces exists in SCl2 molecule.arrow_forward
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