(a)
Interpretation:
Assuming three electrons are allowed per orbital the number of electrons needed for noble-gas configuration has to be determined.
Concept Introduction:
According to Pauli Exclusion Principle two or more electrons having same spin cannot occupy same orbital. In that case an orbital can occupy only two electrons which have opposite spins.
Octet rule states that an atom is said to be stable if eight electrons are occupied in its valence shell.
Noble gas configuration refers to most stable electronic configuration as their valence shells are completely occupied with eight electrons thereby satisfying the octet rule.
(b)
Interpretation:
Assuming three electrons are allowed per orbital the number of electrons shared in forming a covalent bond has to be determined.
(c)
Interpretation:
Assuming three electrons are allowed per orbital the electronic configuration of an element with
Concept Introduction:
Electron dot structure also known as Lewis dot structure is a diagram which shows the valence electrons of the atom.
(d)
Interpretation:
Assuming three electrons are allowed per orbital electron dot structure of the molecule
Concept Introduction:
Electron dot structure also known as Lewis dot structure is a diagram representing a compound revealing the valence electrons of the constituent atoms.
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General Chemistry: Atoms First
- Na+ forms an āionic bondā (i.e. an electrostatic attraction) with the OCNā ion. (a) Draw the full Lewis structure of the ionic compound. Be sure to show how you have derived this. (The ionic compound as a whole, not just OCN-) (b) Which atom in the OCNā anion is the sodium cation most likely to attract? Explain.arrow_forwardAnswer true or false. (a) The octet rule refers to the chemical bonding patterns of the first eight elements of the Periodic Table. (b) The octet rule refers to the tendency of certain elements to react in such a way that they achieve an outer shell of eight valence electrons. (c) In gaining electrons, an atom becomes a positively charged ion called a cation. (d) When an atom forms an ion, only the number of valence electrons changes; the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus does not change. (e) In forming ions, Group 2A elements typically lose two electrons to become cations with a charge of 12. (f) In forming an ion, a sodium atom (1s22s22p63s1) completes its valence shell by adding one electron to fill its 3s shell (1s22s22p63s2). (g) The elements of Group 6A typically react by ac- cepting two electrons to become anions with a charge of 22. (h) With the exception of hydrogen, the octet rule applies to all elements in periods 1, 2, and 3. (i) Atoms and the ions derived fromā¦arrow_forward39. How many grams are in 2.3 x 1024 formula units of KNO3? (A) 38.6 grams (B) 102.3 grams (C) 140 grams (D) 386 grams 40. Which statement describes the general trends in electronegativity and first ionization energy as the elements in Period 3 are considered in order from Na to Cl? (A) Electronegativity increases, and first ionization energy decreases (B) Electronegativity decreases, and first ionization energy decreases (C) Electronegativity and first ionization energy both increase (D) Electronegativity and first ionization energy both decreasearrow_forward
- Consider the following compounds: CaCl 2 , CaI 2 , and MgCl 2 . Answer the following questions based on expected periodic trends: (a) Which is expected to have t he shortest ionic bonds? (b) Which is expected to have the highest lattice energy? (c) Which is expected to have the lowest melting point?arrow_forward(a) The 03 molecule has a central oxygen atom bonded to two outer oxygen atoms that are another. In the box below, draw the Lewis electron-dot diagram of the 03 molecule. Include all valid resonance structures. 0 - 0 = 0 (b) Based on the diagram you drew in part (a), what is the shape of the ozone molecule? and trigonal Bent Ozone decomposes according to the reaction represented below. 2 03(g) ā 3 0ā(8) (c) The bond enthalpy of the oxygen-oxygen bond in Oā is 498 kJ/mol. Based on the enthalpy of the reaction represented above, what is the average bond enthalpy, in kJ/mol, of an oxygen-oxygen bond in 03 ? Ozone can oxidize HSO3(aq), as represented by the equation below. [0] 1.0 x 10-5. <-> 00: HSO3(aq) + O3(aq) ā HSO4 (aq) + Oā(8) A solution is prepared in which the initial concentration of HSOā (aq) (6.4 Ć 10+ M) is much larger than that of O3(aq) (1.0 Ć 10-5 M). The concentration of O3(aq) is monitored as the reaction proceeds, and the data are plotted in the graph below. 8.0 xā¦arrow_forwardConsider the following compounds: BeCl 2 , MgBr 2 , and SrBr 2 . Answer the following questions based on expected periodic trends: Ā (a) Which is expected to have the shortest ionic bonds? Ā (b) Which is expected to have the highest lattice energy? Ā (c) Which is expected to have the lowest melting point?arrow_forward
- Based on Linus Pauling's electronegativity scale, would H2S be considered aĀ polarĀ molecule?Ā Pick theĀ bestĀ answer.Ā (a) No. It wouldĀ technically beĀ considered a non-polar molecule. (b) No. Even though it contains polar bonds they are symmetrical and therefore H2S is non-polar. (c) No. The electronegativity difference between H and S is so great that it would be considered an ionic compound. (d) H2S violates the octet rule and therefore would not even existarrow_forwardWhich of the following sets contains an ionic compound, a molecular compound, and an acid, in that order?Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā (A) Al2O3, B2O3, CH3OH; Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā (B) CaCl2, NH4Cl, HCl; Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā (C) CH3F, COCl2, HOCl; Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā Ā (D) CoCl2, COCl2, HClO2.arrow_forwardAn ionic compound of formula XY2 (X = cation with two positive charges, Y = anion with one negative charge) has the following mass composition: Mg 10.9%, Cl 31.8%, O57.3%. (a) What is the chemical formula and name of the compound? (b) Give the most probable Lewis structure for the ions contained in the compound.arrow_forward
- Chemistry 7. An ionic bond is formed between a cation A+ and anion B. How would the energy of the ionic bond be affected (smaller/higher/double etc) by the following changes? (a) Doubling the radius of A+ (b) Tripling the charge on A+ (c) Doubling the charges on A (d) Decreasing the radii of A and B to half their original values. and Barrow_forwardQuestion Five Use the periodic table provided and answer the following questions: (a) Cesium Bromide (CsBr) exhibits predominantly ionic bonding. Cesium (Cs) has an atomic number of 55 while Bromine (Br) has an atomic number of 35. State the following: (i) The electron configuration for the Cesium ion (Cs") and the Bromine ion (Br). (ii) Which inert gases can the two ions above be associated to? (b) Describe fully how an ionic bond is formed. (c) Given that radioactive cobalt-60 has a radioactive constant equal to 7.6 x 10Ā° s', determine its half- life and how long would it take for the activity of a sample of cobalt-60 to reduce to 20 % of its original value ?arrow_forward39. How many grams are in 2.3 x 104 formula units of KNO,? (A) 38.6 grams (B) 102.3 grams (C) 140 gramsS (D) 386 grams 40. Which statement describes the general trends in electronegativity and first ionization energy as the elements in Period 3 are considered in order from Na to Cl? (A) Electronegativity increases, and first ionization energy decreases (B) Electronegativity decreases, and first ionization energy decreases (C) Electronegativity and first ionization energy both increase (D) Electronegativity and first ionization energy both decrease 2020 Illuminate Education TM, Inc. 9.arrow_forward
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