Answer true or false. (a) The octet rule refers to the chemical bonding patterns of the first eight elements of the Periodic Table. (b) The octet rule refers to the tendency of certain elements to react in such a way that they achieve an outer shell of eight valence electrons. (c) In gaining electrons, an atom becomes a positively charged ion called a cation. (d) When an atom forms an ion, only the number of valence electrons changes; the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus does not change.
Answer true or false.
(a) The octet rule refers to the
(b) The octet rule refers to the tendency of certain elements to react in such a way that they achieve an outer shell of eight valence electrons.
(c) In gaining electrons, an atom becomes a positively charged ion called a cation.
(d) When an atom forms an ion, only the number of valence electrons changes; the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus does not change.
(e) In forming ions, Group 2A elements typically lose two electrons to become cations with a charge of 12.
(f) In forming an ion, a sodium atom (1s22s22p63s1) completes its valence shell by adding one electron to fill its 3s shell (1s22s22p63s2).
(g) The elements of Group 6A typically react by ac- cepting two electrons to become anions with a charge of 22.
(h) With the exception of hydrogen, the octet rule applies to all elements in periods 1, 2, and 3. (i) Atoms and the ions derived from them have very similar physical and chemical properties.
(a) For Group 1A and Group 2A elements, the name of the ion each form is simply the name of the element followed by the word ion; for example, Mg21 is named magnesium ion.
(b) H2 is named hydride ion.
(c) The nucleus of H1 consists of one proton and one neutron.
(d) Many transition and inner
(e) In naming metal cations with two different charges, the suffix -ous refers to the ion with a charge of 11 and -ic refers to the ion with a charge of 12.
(f) Fe31 may be named either iron (III) ion or ferric ion.
(g) The anion derived from a bromine atom is named bromine ion.
(h) The anion derived from an oxygen atom is named oxide ion.
(i) HCO3 2 is named hydrogen carbonate ion.
(j) The prefix bi- in the name “bicarbonate” ion indicates that this ion has a charge of 22.
(k) The hydrogen phosphate ion has a charge of 11, and the dihydrogen phosphate ion has a charge of 12.
(l) The phosphate ion is PO3 42.
(m) The nitrite ion is NO2 2, and the nitrate ion is NO3 2.
(n) The carbonate ion is CO3 22, and the hydrogen carbonate ion is HCO3 2.
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