BIOLOGY:CONCEPTS+APPL.(LOOSELEAF)
10th Edition
ISBN: 9781305967359
Author: STARR
Publisher: CENGAGE L
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Textbook Question
Chapter 35, Problem 3SA
Countercurrent flow of water and blood increases the efficiency of gas exchange in ______.
| a. fishes | c. birds |
| b. amphibians | d. all of the above |
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The countercurrent exchange system for gills relies on diffusion to diffuse
oxygen into the blood. This system works because the blood in the gills.
a. increasing
encounters [Select] b. decreasing
water as the blood moves from [Select]
a. arteries
[Select] b. capillaries
c. Veins
✰ concentrations of oxygen in the
a.arteries
b. capillaries to
C. veins
through the capillaries. This also ensures that
a. less
blood always has [Select] b. more
c. the same amount of
oxygen than the water for
continued diffusion.
The majority of oxygen in the blood is transported by ________. a. dissolution in the blood b. being carried as bicarbonate ions c. binding to blood plasma d. binding to hemoglobin
The primary function of the pleural membranes is ____
A. to decrease friction and allow the lungs to move within the thoracic cavity is
B. to decrease surface tension by producing surfactant
C. to prevent the lungs from putting pressure on the heart and surrounding vessels
D. to prevent respiratory infections
Chapter 35 Solutions
BIOLOGY:CONCEPTS+APPL.(LOOSELEAF)
Ch. 35 - Respiratory proteins such as hemoglobin...Ch. 35 - In______, gas exchange occurs at the body surface...Ch. 35 - Countercurrent flow of water and blood increases...Ch. 35 - In human lungs, gas exchange occurs at the...Ch. 35 - Prob. 5SACh. 35 - During inhalation, ________. a. the thoracic...Ch. 35 - What type of metal associates with hemoglobin?Ch. 35 - Prob. 8SACh. 35 - Prob. 9SACh. 35 - The medulla oblongata ___________. a. produces...
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- The respiratory system ________. a. provides body tissues with oxygen b. provides body tissues with oxygen and carbon dioxide c. establishes how many breaths are taken per minute d. provides the body with carbon dioxidearrow_forwardMost oxygen transported in human blood______ . a. is bound to hemoglobin b. combines with carbon to form carbon dioxide c. is in the form of bicarbonate d. is dissolved in the plasmaarrow_forwardCarbon dioxide when traveling in the form of bicarbonate ion does so ______ a. bonded to water b. associated to hemoglobin c. within the plasma of blood d. within the red blood cellarrow_forward
- Marine mammals are able to hold their breath for extended periods underwater because a. unlike humans, they don’t hypoventilate. b. partial pressure of carbon dioxide does not increase underwater. c. myoglobin in muscle tissue provides an oxygen reserve. d. the brains of marine mammals do not have receptors that respond to impulses initiated in the aortic and carotid bodies.arrow_forwardAccording to the Fick equation, the fish gill is an effective gas exchange surface because... A. It has a high blood-to-water diffusion distance B. The total surface area of the lamellae is very large C. The scaphognathite maintains a constant flow of water across the gill D. The gill tissue is supported by the surrounding water E. All of the abovearrow_forwardThe respiratory protein hemocyanin_____ . a. contains iron b. occurs only in vertebrates c. transports oxygen in some invertebrates d. colors hemolymph redarrow_forward
- Which of these is a true statement?a. In lung capillaries, carbon dioxide combines with water toproduce carbonic acid.b. In tissue capillaries, carbonic acid breaks down to carbondioxide and water.c. In lung capillaries, carbonic acid breaks down to carbondioxide and water.d. In tissue capillaries, carbonic acid combines with hydrogenions to form the carbonate ion.e. All of these statements are true.arrow_forwardIf partial pressure of oxygen were about 35 MMHG and the capillaries then a. the cells would not need extra oxygen b. CO2 pressure would be very low in the cells c. it would not be able to diffuse into the tissue cells d. it would easily travel and capillaries and if used to the needy cellsarrow_forwardWhich of the following is a true statement? A. The concentration of oxygen in water is greater than that in air. B. In animals with gills, ventilation helps to reduce the thickness of the boundary layer. C. Countercurrent flow at the gas-exchange surface results in the diffusion gradient across surface. D. Mammalian lungs requires the diaphragm because the lungs are relatively stiff and filled with parabronchi.arrow_forward
- O2 bound to hemoglobin: a. acts the same as physically dissolved oxygen b. Comes off the hemoglobin (dissociates) more easily as you increase the oxygen partial pressure c. exerts a partial pressure d. Comes off the hemoglobin (dissociates) more easily as you increase the acidity (decrease the pH) e. all the options are correct 2. Air convection in mammals is driven by a smaller pressure gradient than blood convection because: a. Bronchioles have a greater resistance to flow than arterioles b. bronchioles tend to have a smaller radius than arterioles and capillaries c. air is easier to move with pressure gradients than blood d. air generally travels farther in your body than does blood e. air is heavier than blood 3. The rate of diffusion of gases is NOT determined by which of the following? a. The area of the surface across which diffusion is occurring b. The mechanical energy…arrow_forwardAn obstruction in the trachea could cause: A. A drop in the body's pH B. An increase in the body's pH C. Acidosis D. Both A & Carrow_forwardGas exchange between systemic blood vessels and the tissues is called a. Tubular secretion b. External respiration c. Pulmonary ventilation d. Internal respirationarrow_forward
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