BIOLOGY:CONCEPTS+APPL.(LOOSELEAF)
10th Edition
ISBN: 9781305967359
Author: STARR
Publisher: CENGAGE L
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Chapter 35, Problem 1CT
Summary Introduction
To determine:
The reason behind the different effects of zinc deficiency in humans in case of not reducing the number of red blood cells but still impairing the respiratory function by lowering the carbon dioxide output.
Introduction:
Carbonic anhydrase is an enzyme that is present in the red blood cells, which consist of zinc. The zinc is obtained from the diet containing red meat and seafood. The deficiency in zinc does not reduce the number of red blood cells, but it still impairs the respiratory function by lowering the carbon dioxide output.
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A given amount of blood have 19% O2 measured at 0 °C and 1.0 atm. Hemoglobin in the blood can carry up to four molecules of O2. Calculate how many molecules of hemoglobin is present in 1.0 L of blood.
Crocodiles can use virtually 100% of the oxygen in its blood, whereas humans can
extract only about 65% of the oxygen in their blood. Crocodile hemoglobin (Hb)
binds HCO3, rather than 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate (BPG), when in the T-state.
Which of the following best explains why HCO3¯ in the crocodile works better than
2,3-BPG in humans to help the Hb to release more of its bound oxygen?
Crocodile Hb binds more oxygen than human Hb, and so the crocodile has more
oxygen available than humans do.
The [HCO3] varies with the amount of oxygen used, whereas the [BPG] in
human erythrocytes is constant regardless of need.
Humans require their hemoglobin to be sensitive to [BPG] in order for HbF (fetal
Hb) to have a higher affinity for oxygen than maternal Hb.
Since crocodile Hb binds HCO3, the HCO3 will not be available to bind to H+
(Bohr protons), and so more oxygen will be released to the tissues.
Crocodiles are cold-blooded and so do not need as much oxygen as humans; this
is why they can…
Create a labeled diagram explaining how CO2 moves from cells of the working tissue as HCO3 - in the blood (do not include other ways CO2 moves through the blood). Be sure to include the carbonic anhydrase inside red blood cells and the HCO3 - /Cl- exchanger in your diagram. Write an explanation for your diagram.
Chapter 35 Solutions
BIOLOGY:CONCEPTS+APPL.(LOOSELEAF)
Ch. 35 - Respiratory proteins such as hemoglobin...Ch. 35 - In______, gas exchange occurs at the body surface...Ch. 35 - Countercurrent flow of water and blood increases...Ch. 35 - In human lungs, gas exchange occurs at the...Ch. 35 - Prob. 5SACh. 35 - During inhalation, ________. a. the thoracic...Ch. 35 - What type of metal associates with hemoglobin?Ch. 35 - Prob. 8SACh. 35 - Prob. 9SACh. 35 - The medulla oblongata ___________. a. produces...
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