Biochemistry
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781305577206
Author: Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. Grisham
Publisher: Cengage Learning
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Question
Chapter 22, Problem 13P
Interpretation Introduction
To explain:
The mechanism of aldose reductase inhibitor.
Introduction:
Aldose reductase is inhibited by tolrestat and epalrestat. These found to inhibiting enzyme NADP+.
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionStudents have asked these similar questions
Glucokinase acts as a glucose sensor in hepatocytes (livercells), a- and b-cells in the pancreas, enterocytes (intestinalwall cells), and the hypothalamus (a control center in thebrain of numerous physiological processes). Explain whyglucokinase can perform this role.
Respiratory quotient (RQ). This classic metabolic index is defined as
the volume of CO2CO2 released divided by the volume of 0202
consumed. Vo
a. Calculate the RQ values for the complete oxidation of glucose and
of tripalmitoylglycerol.
b. What do RQ measurements reveal about the contributions of
different energy sources during intense exercise? (Assume that
protein degradation is negligible.)
Properties of an Enzyme of Prostaglandin Synthesis.Prostaglandins are a class of eicosanoids, fatty acid derivatives with a variety of extremely potent actions on vertebrate tissues. They are re-sponsible for producing fever and inflammation and its associated pain. Prostaglandins are derived from the 20-carbon fatty acid arachidonic acid in a reaction catalyzed by the enzyme prostaglandin en-doperoxide synthase. This enzyme, a cyclooxygenase, uses oxygen to convert arachidonic acid to PGG2, the immediate precursor of many different prostaglandins (prostaglandin synthesis is described in Chapter 21).
a)The kinetic data given below are for the reaction catalyzed by prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase. Focusing here on the first two columns, determine the Vmax and Km of the enzyme.
b)Ibuprofen is an inhibitor of prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase. By inhibiting the synthesis of prostaglandins, ibuprofen reduces inflammation and pain. Using the data in the first and third columns of…
Chapter 22 Solutions
Biochemistry
Ch. 22 - Prob. 1PCh. 22 - Prob. 2PCh. 22 - Prob. 3PCh. 22 - Prob. 4PCh. 22 - Prob. 5PCh. 22 - Prob. 6PCh. 22 - Prob. 7PCh. 22 - Prob. 8PCh. 22 - Prob. 9PCh. 22 - Understanding Enzyme Mechanisms Related to...
Ch. 22 - Understanding the Mechanisms of Reactions Related...Ch. 22 - Prob. 12PCh. 22 - Prob. 13PCh. 22 - Prob. 14PCh. 22 - Prob. 15PCh. 22 - Prob. 16PCh. 22 - Prob. 17PCh. 22 - Prob. 18PCh. 22 - Prob. 19PCh. 22 - Prob. 20PCh. 22 - Prob. 21PCh. 22 - Prob. 22PCh. 22 - Using the ActiveModel for aldose reductase,...
Knowledge Booster
Similar questions
- Distinguishing the Mechanisms of Class I and Class I Aldolases Fructose bisphosphate aldolase in animal muscle is a class 1 aldolase, which forms a Schiff base intermediate between substrate (for example. fructose-1, 6-bisphosphate or dihydroxyacetone phosphate) and a lysine at the active site (see Figure I8.12). The chemical evidence for this intermediate conies from studies with aldolase and the reducing agent sodium borohydride, NaBH4. Incubation of the enzyme with dihydroxyacetone phosphate and NaBH4 inactivates the enzyme. Interestingly, no inactivation is observed if NabH4 is added to the enzyme in the absence of substrate. Write a mechanism that explains these observations and provides evidence for the formation of a Schiff base intermediate in the aldolase reaction.arrow_forwardModeling the Regulation of AcetyI-CoA Carboxylase Based on the information presented in the text and in Figures 24.4 and 24.5, suggest a model for the regulation of acetyl-CoA carboxylase. Consider the possible roles of subunit interactions, phosphorylation, and conformation changes in your model.arrow_forwardInhibition of Purine and Pyrimidine Metabolism by Pharmacological Agents Indicate which reactions of purine or pyrimidine metabolism are affected by the inhibitors (a) azaserine, (b) methotrexate, (c) sulfonamides, (d) allopurinol, and (e) 5-fluorouracil.arrow_forward
- Number of electrons generated for complex Il in oxidation of 2 acetyl CoA via the TCA Cycle.arrow_forwardConsidering the metabolic disorder "Ethanol Sensitivity". Which of the following therapeutic approaches could result in improvement for an individual with this disorder? (Select 2 answers) O Pharmacological competitive inhibition of Ethanol Dehydrogenase O Pharmacological alloseteric inhibition of cytosolic acetylaldehyde dehydrogenase O Pharmacological activation of cytosolic aldehyde dehydrogenase O Pharmacological uncompetitive inhibition of mitochondrial acetylaldehyde dehydrogenasearrow_forwardUnderstanding the Oxidation of Glucose and Its Products in the TCA Cycle Glycolysis, the pyruvate dehydrogenase reaction, and the TCA cycle result in complete oxidation of a molecule of glucose to CO2. Review the calculation of oxidation numbers for individual atoms in any molecule, and then calculate the oxidation numbers of the carbons of glucose, pyruvate, the acetyl carbons of acetyl-CoA. and the metabolites of the TCA cycle to convince yourself that complete oxidation of glucose involves removal of 24 electrons and that each acetyl-CoA through the TCA cycle gives up 8 electrons.arrow_forward
- Extending the Mechanism of Methylmalonyl-CoA Mutase to Similar Reactions Based on the mechanism for the methylmalonyl-CoA mutase (see problem 14), write reasonable mechanisms for the following reactions shown.arrow_forwardUnderstanding the Mechanism of Hemolytic Anemia Genetic defects in glycolytic enzymes can have serious consequences for humans For example, defects in the gene for pyruvate kinase can result in a condition known as hemolytic anemia. Consult a reference to learn about hemolytic anemia, and discuss why such genetic defects lead to this condition.arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
- BiochemistryBiochemistryISBN:9781305577206Author:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. GrishamPublisher:Cengage Learning
Biochemistry
Biochemistry
ISBN:9781305577206
Author:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. Grisham
Publisher:Cengage Learning