The steps that are sufficiently exothermic to drive the reactions to completion in the hydrolysis mechanisms (both acidic and basic) of N , N -dimethylacetamide are to be stated. Concept introduction: The acidic hydrolysis of an amide comprises two stages. The first half is an acid catalyzed addition of the nucleophile (water). The second half is an acid catalyzed elimination of the leaving group. The basic hydrolysis of an amide comprises three steps. The first step is addition of the nucleophile. The second step is elimination of the leaving group. The third step is proton transfer.

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Bisphenol A is widely used as a building block in polymer synthesis and is found in the polycarbonate hard plastics of reusable drink containers, DVDs, cell phones, and other consumer goods. Bisphenol A is reported to have estrogenic activity, and its widespread occurrence in our environment is a potential concern. Describe one or two biochemical experiments that could be done to compare the activity of bisphenol A with that of its estradiol, its structural relative.

Answer 1

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Definition Definition Class of organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group ( - COOH ) and has a general formula R - COOH or R - CO 2 H , where R refers to the alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or other groups. They can undergo different chemical reactions, such as acid-base reactions, esterification, and oxidation. These are essential components of living organisms, playing important roles in metabolic processes, signaling, and as pharmaceuticals.

Chapter 21.7C, Problem 21.21P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The steps that are sufficiently exothermic to drive the reactions to completion in the hydrolysis mechanisms (both acidic and basic) of N,N-dimethylacetamide are to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The acidic hydrolysis of an amide comprises two stages. The first half is an acid catalyzed addition of the nucleophile (water). The second half is an acid catalyzed elimination of the leaving group.

The basic hydrolysis of an amide comprises three steps. The first step is addition of the nucleophile. The second step is elimination of the leaving group. The third step is proton transfer.

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Bisphenol A is widely used as a building block in polymer synthesis and is found in the polycarbonate hard plastics of reusable drink containers, DVDs, cell phones, and other consumer goods. Bisphenol A is reported to have estrogenic activity, and its widespread occurrence in our environment is a potential concern. Describe one or two biochemical experiments that could be done to compare the activity of bisphenol A with that of its estradiol, its structural relative.

Indicate whether the following statement is true or false. Aliphatic amines are more basic than ammonia, whereas aromatic amines are less basic than ammonia. When amines are reacted with bases, they form ammonium salts. Benzenesulfonyl chloride or p-toluenesulfonylchloride give N-substituted sulfonamides with primary and secondary amines. Derivative of primary amines is insoluble in dilute NaOH

Show how you might utilize the reduction of an amide, oxime, or a nitrile to carry out each of the following transformations (a)Benzoic acid to N-ethyl-N-benzylamine (b)1-Bromopentane to hexylamine (c)Propanoic acid to tripropylamine (d)2-Butanone to sec-butylamine

Answer 2

Question

Definition Definition Class of organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group ( - COOH ) and has a general formula R - COOH or R - CO 2 H , where R refers to the alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or other groups. They can undergo different chemical reactions, such as acid-base reactions, esterification, and oxidation. These are essential components of living organisms, playing important roles in metabolic processes, signaling, and as pharmaceuticals.

Chapter 21.7C, Problem 21.21P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The steps that are sufficiently exothermic to drive the reactions to completion in the hydrolysis mechanisms (both acidic and basic) of N,N-dimethylacetamide are to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The acidic hydrolysis of an amide comprises two stages. The first half is an acid catalyzed addition of the nucleophile (water). The second half is an acid catalyzed elimination of the leaving group.

The basic hydrolysis of an amide comprises three steps. The first step is addition of the nucleophile. The second step is elimination of the leaving group. The third step is proton transfer.

Expert Solution & Answer

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Answer 3

Question

Definition Definition Class of organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group ( - COOH ) and has a general formula R - COOH or R - CO 2 H , where R refers to the alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or other groups. They can undergo different chemical reactions, such as acid-base reactions, esterification, and oxidation. These are essential components of living organisms, playing important roles in metabolic processes, signaling, and as pharmaceuticals.

Chapter 21.7C, Problem 21.21P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The steps that are sufficiently exothermic to drive the reactions to completion in the hydrolysis mechanisms (both acidic and basic) of N,N-dimethylacetamide are to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The acidic hydrolysis of an amide comprises two stages. The first half is an acid catalyzed addition of the nucleophile (water). The second half is an acid catalyzed elimination of the leaving group.

The basic hydrolysis of an amide comprises three steps. The first step is addition of the nucleophile. The second step is elimination of the leaving group. The third step is proton transfer.

Expert Solution & Answer

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See solution

Check out sample textbook solution

Answer 4

Question

Definition Definition Class of organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group ( - COOH ) and has a general formula R - COOH or R - CO 2 H , where R refers to the alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or other groups. They can undergo different chemical reactions, such as acid-base reactions, esterification, and oxidation. These are essential components of living organisms, playing important roles in metabolic processes, signaling, and as pharmaceuticals.

Chapter 21.7C, Problem 21.21P

Interpretation Introduction