Biology (MindTap Course List)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781337392938
Author: Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 21, Problem 4TYU
According to the hypothesis of serial endosymbiosis, (a) life originated from nonliving matter (b) the pace of evolution quickened at the start of the Cambrian period (c) chloroplasts, mitochondria, and possibly other organelles originated from intimate relationships among prokaryotic cells (d) banded iron formations reflect the buildup of sufficient oxygen in the atmosphere to oxidize iron at Earth’s surface (e) the first photosynthetic organisms appeared 3.1 bya to 3.5 bya
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Which of the following steps has not yet been accomplished byscientists studying the origin of life?(A) synthesis of small RNA polymers by ribozymes(B) formation of molecular aggregates with selectivelypermeable membranes(C) formation of protocells that use DNA to direct thepolymerization of amino acids(D) abiotic synthesis of organic molecules
According to the endosymbiont theory:
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b)
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c)
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d)
a and c
e)
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Chapter 21 Solutions
Biology (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 21.1 - Describe the conditions that scientists think...Ch. 21.1 - Compare the prebiotic soup hypothesis with the...Ch. 21.1 - Prob. 1CCh. 21.1 - How does the ironsulfur world hypothesis differ...Ch. 21.2 - Outline the major steps hypothesized to have...Ch. 21.2 - Explain how the evolution of photosynthetic...Ch. 21.2 - Prob. 5LOCh. 21.2 - Prob. 1CCh. 21.2 - Prob. 2CCh. 21.2 - VISUALIZE Draw a simple sketch illustrating the...
Ch. 21.3 - Briefly describe the distinguishing organisms and...Ch. 21.3 - What is the correct order of appearance in the...Ch. 21.3 - Prob. 2CCh. 21.3 - What is the correct order of appearance in the...Ch. 21 - Energy, the absence of molecular oxygen, chemical...Ch. 21 - Prob. 2TYUCh. 21 - Prob. 3TYUCh. 21 - According to the hypothesis of serial...Ch. 21 - Prob. 5TYUCh. 21 - Prob. 6TYUCh. 21 - Prob. 7TYUCh. 21 - The time of greatest evolutionary diversification...Ch. 21 - Prob. 9TYUCh. 21 - The Age of Reptiles corresponds to the (a)...Ch. 21 - Evidence exists that a catastrophic collision...Ch. 21 - Flowering plants and mammals diversified and...Ch. 21 - Prob. 13TYUCh. 21 - EVOLUTION LINK If you were studying how...Ch. 21 - EVOLUTION LINK If living cells were produced in a...Ch. 21 - EVOLUTION LINK Why did the evolution of...Ch. 21 - INTERPRET DATA Evidence for the oldest...
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- The time of greatest evolutionary diversification in the history of life occurred during the (a) Cambrian period (b) Ordovician period (c) Silurian period (d) Carboniferous period (e) Permian periodarrow_forwardThe oxygen revolution changed Earth’s environmentdramatically. Which of the following took advantage of thepresence of free oxygen in the oceans and atmosphere?(A) the evolution of cellular respiration, which used oxygen tohelp harvest energy from organic molecules(B) the persistence of some animal groups in anaerobichabitats(C) the evolution of photosynthetic pigments that protectedearly algae from the corrosive effects of oxygen(D) the evolution of chloroplasts after early protists incorporated photosynthetic cyanobacteriaarrow_forwardA scientist discovered a new group of unicellular organisms that lack mitochondria but possess an organelle related to the endoplasmic reticulum and is involved in energy production. The scientist hypothesizes that this organelle might be a missing link in the evolution of mitochondria. A) Do you agree with this hypothesis? Explain. B) Based on the available evidence, what is the most likely hypothesis for the origin of mitochondria? Provide four pieces of evidence to support this theory and justify why they are valid.arrow_forward
- 1) According to the endosymbiotic theory of the origin of chloroplasts, photosynthetic prokaryotic cells________? 2) The tremendous increase in the diversity of animals beginning about 542 million years ago is called the______? 3) Two completely unrelated species that are found in the same environment are observed to have the same adaptation. This observation describes_________?arrow_forwardThe first single-celled organisms on Earth probably evolved (a) 3,700 years ago (b) 3.7 million years ago (c) 3.7 billion years ago (d) We have no idea when the first life on Earth appeared.arrow_forwardDuring the Early _______________, life consisted of prokaryotic cells, but by the end of this geologic time span, multicellular eukaryotic organisms had evolved. (a) Cenozoic era (b) Paleozoic era (c) Mesozoic era (d) Archaean eon(e) Proterozoic eonarrow_forward
- 7. Which of the following statements about early life on earth is incorrect? A) Earth was anoxic B) Carbon was obtained from CO2 C) Energy was obtained from glucose D) D) Cells were likely chemolitbotrophicarrow_forwardPlease, need help with the explanation of the answer: During Chemical Evolution, what would one expect to find inside the protocell? a) Water mixed with many non-polar molecules. b) Fatty Acids mixed with non-polar molecules. c) a wide variety of different ionic and polar covalent molecules dissolved in water. d) Functioning proteins. E) Living single-celled organismsarrow_forwardWhich of these evolutionary innovations enabled larger cell size? (a) autotrophic mode of nutrition (b) multicellularity (c) sexual reproduction (d) subcellular compartmentalization (e) all of the abovearrow_forward
- The term “Cambrian explosion” refers to (a) an increase in biodiversity. (b) a mass extinction. (c) an atmospheric detonation due to increasing gas concentrations. (d) an oceanic eruption caused by underwater volcanic activity.arrow_forward1) Name and give a brief account of the theory that explains the evolution of Eukaryotic cells from Prokaryotic cells. 2) Explain the reactions that occur to form polysaccharides, using starch as an example. 3) What do enzymes do? What are their main structural features? Give an example of a biological enzyme. 4) Describe the structure of fats and lipids. Why are some solid at room temperature whereas others, particularly from plants, are liquid? Briefly describe the structure of an animal cell. What are the main differences between animal and plant cells? Briefly outline the steps involved in the synthesis of ATP in eukaryotic cellsarrow_forwardThe earliest ancestor of land plants resembled: A)Grasses B)Red algae C)Green algae D)Ferns E)Pine treesarrow_forward
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Endosymbiotic Theory; Author: Amoeba Sisters;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FGnS-Xk0ZqU;License: Standard Youtube License