Biology (MindTap Course List)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781337392938
Author: Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 21, Problem 16TYU
EVOLUTION LINK Why did the evolution of multicellular organisms such as plants and animals have to be preceded by the evolution of oxygen-producing photosynthesis?
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In lecture, we discussed the endosymbiont theory that describes the evolutionary
origins of mitochondria and chloroplast. A few scientists think that peroxisomes also
have an endosymbiotic evolutionary origin, although most scientists disagree with
this hypothesis. Which of the following hypothetical discoveries would provide
support for the hypothesis that peroxisomes evolved from bacteria?
Discovering that eukaryotic cells cannot live without peroxisomes.
All of these hypothetical discoveries would provide support for the hypothesis
that peroxisomes have an endosymbiotic evolutionary origin.
Identifying the presence of DNA within peroxisomes.
Determining that the majority of proteins in peroxisomes have eukaryotic origin.
Now imagine that you are pretty wimpy ancestral eukaryotic cell, incapable of either cellular respiration or photosynthesis. Writing in the first person (from the
"" perspective), please describe the evolutionary process by which you and your offspring ultimately evolved into the first amazing plant cell, which was capable of BOTH cellular respiration and photosynthesis.
In your response, be sure to demonstrate your understanding of the following: the main difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, the major cellular organelles, natural selection, the basic structure and function of mitochondria and chloroplasts, as well as the types of macromolecules that make up these organelles.
The oxygen revolution changed Earth’s environmentdramatically. Which of the following took advantage of thepresence of free oxygen in the oceans and atmosphere?(A) the evolution of cellular respiration, which used oxygen tohelp harvest energy from organic molecules(B) the persistence of some animal groups in anaerobichabitats(C) the evolution of photosynthetic pigments that protectedearly algae from the corrosive effects of oxygen(D) the evolution of chloroplasts after early protists incorporated photosynthetic cyanobacteria
Chapter 21 Solutions
Biology (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 21.1 - Describe the conditions that scientists think...Ch. 21.1 - Compare the prebiotic soup hypothesis with the...Ch. 21.1 - Prob. 1CCh. 21.1 - How does the ironsulfur world hypothesis differ...Ch. 21.2 - Outline the major steps hypothesized to have...Ch. 21.2 - Explain how the evolution of photosynthetic...Ch. 21.2 - Prob. 5LOCh. 21.2 - Prob. 1CCh. 21.2 - Prob. 2CCh. 21.2 - VISUALIZE Draw a simple sketch illustrating the...
Ch. 21.3 - Briefly describe the distinguishing organisms and...Ch. 21.3 - What is the correct order of appearance in the...Ch. 21.3 - Prob. 2CCh. 21.3 - What is the correct order of appearance in the...Ch. 21 - Energy, the absence of molecular oxygen, chemical...Ch. 21 - Prob. 2TYUCh. 21 - Prob. 3TYUCh. 21 - According to the hypothesis of serial...Ch. 21 - Prob. 5TYUCh. 21 - Prob. 6TYUCh. 21 - Prob. 7TYUCh. 21 - The time of greatest evolutionary diversification...Ch. 21 - Prob. 9TYUCh. 21 - The Age of Reptiles corresponds to the (a)...Ch. 21 - Evidence exists that a catastrophic collision...Ch. 21 - Flowering plants and mammals diversified and...Ch. 21 - Prob. 13TYUCh. 21 - EVOLUTION LINK If you were studying how...Ch. 21 - EVOLUTION LINK If living cells were produced in a...Ch. 21 - EVOLUTION LINK Why did the evolution of...Ch. 21 - INTERPRET DATA Evidence for the oldest...
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Approximately how long ago did homo sapen (humans) first appear on Earth 2,000 years ago 5-7 million years ago 65 million years ago 150,000 - 200,000 years ago Hominins developed their unique larger brains before acquiring the ability to move on two feet. True False the production of atmospheric oxygen in Earth's environment started with photosynthesis by prokaryotes photosynthesis by multicellular eukaryotes photosynthesis by single celled algae photosynthesis by land plants Homologous structures among animal provide evidence for evolution in that theses structure are all produced by the same gene different in different animals, but are modifications of the same basic structure similar in function, but of different basic structure all different structures within the same speciesarrow_forwardExplain the following observation. When a photosynthetic system is exposed to a brief flash of light, no oxygen is evolved. Only after several bursts of light is oxygen evolved.arrow_forwardConsidering what you know about how atmospheric oxygen changed over the 4.5 billion years that life has existed on earth, which metabolic process, photosynthesis or cellular respiration via oxidative phosphorylation, likely evolved first? Why?arrow_forward
- Animal life could not have existed if photosynthesis did not evolve. What resources does photosynthesis produce that are essential for animal life? oxygen molecules that contain a great deal of chemical energy (food) Carbon, which composes a large part of a plant's body and is therefore made available for animals. All of the abovearrow_forwardthinking about the evolution of life on earth, why do you think plantsexisted before animal life and how are the two life forms connected today that supportseach other’s survival? Be specific. (hint: tie in Aerobic Respiration and Photosynthesis)arrow_forwardWhich of the following provide support for the endosymbiont hypothesis? Check all that apply the electron transport chain is located in the inner mitochondrial membrane of prokaryotic cells the electron transport chain is located in the outer mitochondrial membrane of eukaryotic cells like prokaryotic cells, mitochondria contain a circular DNA molecule mitochondria have only one membrane the citric acid cycle occurs in the cytoplasm of prokaryotic cellsarrow_forward
- In what order would the following processes may have evolved? Please provide an explanation for the order chosen. The processes: Krebs cycle, Electron transport, Glycolysis, and Photosynthesisarrow_forwardWhat are the ancestors of the chloroplasts in all plant cells? Ancient mitochondria Ancient cyanobacteria Modern cyanobacteria Ancient archaeaarrow_forwardList three major steps that are hypothesized to have occurred in the evolutionary history of photosynthesis.arrow_forward
- According to the endosymbiotic theory, which of the following is NOT true about the evolution of life on earth? Eukaryotes and prokaryotes appeared at about the same time and evolved independently from each other. O None of the other four answers (all are true statements) Eukaryotes evolved from symbiotic prokaryotes living inside other prokaryotes Mitochondria and chloroplasts are in some ways similar to prokaryotes The first life on earth was simple organisms, similar to today's prokaryotesarrow_forwardThe origin of the photosynthetic eukaryote took place when a engulfed by a later eukaryote with mitochondria. later eukaryote with mitochondria early eukaryote with chitin later prokaryote with chloroplasts early prokaryote with ribosomes wasarrow_forwardBased on what geologists have learned about Earth history, levels of oxygen in Earth's ancient atmosphere (3-4 billion years ago) were much lower than they are now. Glycolysis evolved when oxygen levels were very low in Earth's atmosphere. Eventually, levels of atmospheric oxgyen rose as Cyanobacteria released oxygen during photosynthesis. The presence of oxygen in the atmosphere resulted in the evolution of aerobic bacteria. The aerobic bacteria became permanent parts of the Eukaryotic cell. Their descendents are the organelles known as the mitochondria. True Falsearrow_forward
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