Principles of Biology
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781259875120
Author: Robert Brooker, Eric P. Widmaier Dr., Linda Graham Dr. Ph.D., Peter Stiling Dr. Ph.D.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 19.5, Problem 1TYK
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
The hurricane kills 98% of a population of cranes. The population eventually rebounds to its original size, but the amount of
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Adaptation and change in populations involves the interplay of many factors. Below is a list of some of the events necessary for change to occur in a population.
A selective pressure is placed on the population (such as predators, change in abiotic conditions, competition).
Reproduction by surviving organisms in the population passes traits with selective advantage to the next generation.
Organisms within a population are varied, have distinct characteristics.
The organisms with characteristics that provide a selective advantage survived the pressure (survival of the fittest).
Put these events in the correct order.
worldwide, pest insects destroy a significant portion of food crops. for each new insecticide used, insecticides resistant insects appear and lead to the development of insecticide- resistant populations.
all insecticide is a poison that kills insects
describe the selective pressure ( driver of selection) in the example above and explain the reasoning for your choice
Suppose there is a deleterious mutation in some human gene that causes loss of
function very late in life. Which of the following statements is LEAST supported?
Selection against this mutation is weak
The equilibrium frequency of this mutation will depend on its mutation rate
The mutation affects fitness but not senescence
Selection against this allele depends on extrinsic mortality.
Chapter 19 Solutions
Principles of Biology
Ch. 19.1 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 19.1 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 19.1 - The phrase an organism evolves is incorrect....Ch. 19.1 - Prob. 1BCCh. 19.2 - Explain how geography played a key role in the...Ch. 19.2 - Prob. 2CCCh. 19.2 - Prob. 3CCCh. 19.2 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 19.2 - Homologous traits show similarities because the...Ch. 19.3 - What is the frequency of pink flowers in a...
Ch. 19.3 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 19.3 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 19.4 - Lets suppose the climate on an island abruptly...Ch. 19.4 - Prob. 2CCCh. 19.4 - Prob. 3CCCh. 19.4 - Prob. 4CCCh. 19.4 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 19.4 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 19.4 - Prob. 3TYKCh. 19.5 - How does the bottleneck effect undermine the...Ch. 19.5 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 19.5 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 19.5 - Prob. 1BCCh. 19.6 - How does migration affect the genetic compositions...Ch. 19.6 - Prob. 1BCCh. 19.6 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 19.6 - Populations that experience inbreeding may also...Ch. 19 - Prob. 1TYCh. 19 - An evolutionary change in which a population of...Ch. 19 - Homology occurs because different species occupy...Ch. 19 - Prob. 4TYCh. 19 - Prob. 5TYCh. 19 - Prob. 6TYCh. 19 - Prob. 7TYCh. 19 - Prob. 8TYCh. 19 - Prob. 9TYCh. 19 - The micro-evolutionary factor most sensitive to...Ch. 19 - Prob. 1CCQCh. 19 - Prob. 2CCQCh. 19 - A principle of biology is that populations of...Ch. 19 - Prob. 1CBQCh. 19 - Prob. 2CBQ
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- A species of fox has a mean number of 3 Kits, while more or less kits is selected against. This is an example of diversifying selection." true or falsearrow_forwardAfter tracking a population of lizards for several years, you plot the relationship between limb length limb length and fitness, shown in the figure below. The figure indicates that lizards with have high fitness, which will result in selection. 7 8 9 10 11 12 Limb Length (cm) O short or long; stabilizing O short or long; disruptive O intermediate; directional O intermediate; stabilizing O long; directional Fitness 0.1 0.3 0.5 0.7arrow_forwardA population of beetles exhibits two phenotypes: red and blue. The genotypes RR and Rr result in red coloration and the genotype rr results in blue coloration. The alleles are equally prevalent (i.e. both frequencies are 0.5). A new predator is introduced and preferentially feeds on blue beetles. What do you expect to happen to the allele frequencies over time? The frequency of the rallele is expected to increase because of predation pressure. O The frequency of the Rallele is expected to increase because of predation pressure. There is not enough information to predict what will occur. O There will be no change because of the Hardy-Weinberg equilbrium.arrow_forward
- Which of these scenarios is an example of disruptive selection? Darker colored morphs in a butterfly population are more adaptive than lighter colored morphs, and lighter colored morphs are eliminated from the population. Intermediate gray morphs of a butterfly population are maintained, and the extreme dark and light color morphs have been eliminated. The dark and light color morphs of a butterfly population are maintained, and the intermediate gray morph has been eliminated from the population. A new, unique color form arises from a mutation in a population of butterflies.arrow_forwardFounder effects are most prominent in geographically, culturally or religiously isolated populations that undergo rapid expansion from a limited number of ancestors, when, as a consequence of low genetic diversity, some alleles become more frequent. True Falsearrow_forwardUsing the concept of inclusive fitness (and kin selection), explain how altruistic behavior (e.g. where an individual protects for another, even at their own expense) can evolve by natural selection? Make sure to explain what inclusive fitness is. (remember the concentric circles on the slide)arrow_forward
- What is the relationship between the operational sex ratio (OSR) and sexual selection in a species? Female-biased OSRS result in stronger sexual selection on males. Male-biased OSRS result in stronger sexual selection on males. An OSR of one results in stronger sexual selection on females. An OSR greater than one results in no sexual selection on either sex.arrow_forwardSince adaptation is traditionally thought of as a genetically fixed trait, an adaptation can be plastic. Provide ecological examples why plasticity. And explain the examples of why plasticity described as an adaptivearrow_forwardA dramatic reduction in the size of a population following a natural disaster can lead to change in a population's gene pool. This is known as.. Genetic equilibrium The bottleneck effect The founder effect Stabilizing Selection 9%arrow_forward
- The example of the Heath Hen provides which of the following important lesson for managing small populations - Genetic drift is more powerful in small populations and can lead a species to extinction - Understanding the factors that make a population small are more important than the factors that ultimately drive it to extinction - Intensive management is successful for bringing back species from the brink of extinction - Allee effects can make managing a small population very difficultarrow_forwardChanges in the Population There are four major types of selection when it comes to changes being made in an ecosystem. Natural Selection is the process of selecting traits that makes an organism most successful in its given environment. Directional Selection is when individuals at one end of the curve have higher fitness than individuals in the middle or at the other end. Stabilizing Selection is when individuals near the center of a curve have higher fitness than individuals at either end. Disruptive Selection is when individuals at the upper and lower ends of the curve have higher fitness than individuals near the middle. Copyright © 2003-2022 International Academy of Science. All Rights Reserved. O to search (B How does natural selection change allele frequencies in populations? A. Natural selection controls the rate of mutations. B. Natural selection selects alleles that improve fitness. C. Natural selection has no control over allele frequency changes. Rain coming (8)arrow_forwardThe founder effect is related to genetic drift, and the bottleneck effect is related to genetic drift. assortative mating. mutation. selection.arrow_forward
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