Principles of Biology
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781259875120
Author: Robert Brooker, Eric P. Widmaier Dr., Linda Graham Dr. Ph.D., Peter Stiling Dr. Ph.D.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 19, Problem 7TY
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium states that in a population genotype and allele frequencies do not change even after several generations in absence of some evolutionary factor like mutation or migration. According to it, p + q = 1 and p2+ 2pq + q2 = 1 where,
p = frequency of dominant allele
q= frequency of recessive allele
p2= frequency of homozygous dominant genotype
2pq = frequency of heterozygous genotype
q2= frequency of recessive genotype
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Students have asked these similar questions
A given autosomal locus has three possible alleles (A1, A2, and A3). Assuming that the numbers of individuals with the six possible genotypes are as follows, what would be the frequency of the A1 allele in the population?
A1A1 = 30 A1A2 = 27 A2A2 = 12
A1A3 = 17 A2A3 = 10 A3A3 = 4
What is the frequency of A2 allele in the population?
A.
0.74
B.
0.175
C.
0.375
D.
0.52
E.
0.305
If 120 of 200 alleles are dominant alleles, then what percentage of the alleles are dominant alleles?
A-12%
B-40%
C-60%
D-120%
What percentage of the alleles are recessive alleles?
E-8%
F-40%
G-60%
H-80%
Which of the terms of the Hardy-Weinberg equations represents the frequency of the recessive allele in the gene pool?
A-p^2
B-p
C-2pq
D-q^2
Which of the following statements does NOT apply to the Hardy-Weinberg expression: p2 + 2pq + q2?
Group of answer choices
p2 is the frequency of individuals with the homozygous recessive genotype.
2pq is the frequency of individuals with the heterozygous genotype.
It can be used to determine the genotype and allele frequencies of the previous and the next generations.
Knowing either p2 or q2, you can calculate all the other frequencies
Chapter 19 Solutions
Principles of Biology
Ch. 19.1 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 19.1 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 19.1 - The phrase an organism evolves is incorrect....Ch. 19.1 - Prob. 1BCCh. 19.2 - Explain how geography played a key role in the...Ch. 19.2 - Prob. 2CCCh. 19.2 - Prob. 3CCCh. 19.2 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 19.2 - Homologous traits show similarities because the...Ch. 19.3 - What is the frequency of pink flowers in a...
Ch. 19.3 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 19.3 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 19.4 - Lets suppose the climate on an island abruptly...Ch. 19.4 - Prob. 2CCCh. 19.4 - Prob. 3CCCh. 19.4 - Prob. 4CCCh. 19.4 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 19.4 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 19.4 - Prob. 3TYKCh. 19.5 - How does the bottleneck effect undermine the...Ch. 19.5 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 19.5 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 19.5 - Prob. 1BCCh. 19.6 - How does migration affect the genetic compositions...Ch. 19.6 - Prob. 1BCCh. 19.6 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 19.6 - Populations that experience inbreeding may also...Ch. 19 - Prob. 1TYCh. 19 - An evolutionary change in which a population of...Ch. 19 - Homology occurs because different species occupy...Ch. 19 - Prob. 4TYCh. 19 - Prob. 5TYCh. 19 - Prob. 6TYCh. 19 - Prob. 7TYCh. 19 - Prob. 8TYCh. 19 - Prob. 9TYCh. 19 - The micro-evolutionary factor most sensitive to...Ch. 19 - Prob. 1CCQCh. 19 - Prob. 2CCQCh. 19 - A principle of biology is that populations of...Ch. 19 - Prob. 1CBQCh. 19 - Prob. 2CBQ
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- In a population of 200 people, an allele F has a frequency of 84%. What is the frequency of allele f? Using the Hardy-Weinberg equation, estimate the numbers of homozygous dominant, heterozygous, and homozygous recessive genotypes. (Remember that the formula is: p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1, where p represents the dominant allele and q represents the recessive allele.) *Be sure to account for all 200 people in the population.arrow_forwardIf 12 individuals have the genotype AA and there are 100 total individuals in the population what is the frequency of AA?arrow_forwardIf the relative fitness of the A1A1 genotype is 0.6, A1A2 is 1.0 and A2A2 is 0.9, eventually the frequency of the A2allele will be?arrow_forward
- This lab exercise requires that we count certain Mendelian traits among students present in the lab. Your professor will explain each trait being addressed and will then ask students to identify if they are dominant or recessive for that specific trait. The collected traits will then be plugged into the Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium formula in order to calculate frequency of Homozygous dominant, Heterozygous and Homozygous recessive individuals in the same. p2 + 2pq + q2 = 100 given data: trait: hair swirl 19 individuals total. 10 had the homozygous dominant hair swirl trait: clockwise the nine other were recessive please do a step by step explanation with the calculation using this data, as I am very unfamiliar with what values mean what and the equation itself thank you!arrow_forwardIf a disease determined by autosomal recessive heredity occurs at a frequency of 0.04 in a population, what is the frequency of this disease allele in the population? Assume Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and use Aand a to symbolize the dominant and recessive alleles, respectively. Show calculation.arrow_forwardWhich of these is not true of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)? are single base-pair variations in the genomes of the human population are genetic markers used to study the genetic basis for disease vary from 1-3 bases in length are the most common type of genetic variancearrow_forward
- Comparisons of concordance rates in MZ and DZ twins allow the estimation of heritability, a measure of the percentage of population variation in a disease that can be attributed to genes. Which one of the following is NOT a problem with using twin studies to measure heritability? somatic mutations can occur during mitosis in MZ twins after they separate into two embryos determining if a pair of twins is MZ or DZ is not accurate environment may be more similar for pairs of MZ twins than for pairs of DZ twins methylation patterns may differ for pairs of MZ twinsarrow_forwardIn the Hardy-Weinberg equation, which of the following is the correct interpretation of the variables? p represents the more common allele, and q represents the less common allele p and q alleles are always the same value p represents the dominant allele and q represents the recessive allele p and q alleles are always co-dominant allelesarrow_forwardIn humans, people with at least one dominant RhD allele have a Rh positive blood type. People with a homozygous recessive genotype have a Rh negative blood type. In the United States, 85% of the population is Rh positive and 15% are Rh negative. What are the values of p and q for the population in the United States (assuming that the American population is at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium)?arrow_forward
- Which of the following is a genotypic frequency? O aa = = 24% O A= 54% O a = 46% O Brown hair = 33%arrow_forwardThe following data were obtained from a Ghanaian population of 152 people. Blood Type Number of Individuals M 61 MN 64 N 27 Calculate the frequencies of the M and N alleles in this population. What are the expected numbers of individuals of each genotypic class in this population? Assume Hardy-Weinberg conditions. Use the chi-squared test to determine if these data fit the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium model. The degrees of freedom for this test should be 1. Why is this appropriate?arrow_forwardFirst part: determine heritability given below values. Second part: given the calculated values, which trait would you select for to increase the frequency of resistant snails in the fewest number of generations and why?”arrow_forward
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