Principles of Biology
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781259875120
Author: Robert Brooker, Eric P. Widmaier Dr., Linda Graham Dr. Ph.D., Peter Stiling Dr. Ph.D.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 19.5, Problem 1BC
Summary Introduction
To explain:
There different genetic changes that can be considered as neutral.
Introduction:
The genetic material is all the living organism is the DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). The DNA sequences are unique to the organisms. The changes in the DNA sequence of an organism are referred to as mutation. The mutation may e neutral if it does not cause any visible changes
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According to the Central Dogma, genes are the blueprints for making proteins. Each gene (humans have 21,325) contains a single “coded message” of DNA bases (A, T, G, & C) attached in a specific order, which the cell “reads” to create an mRNA molecule that is then translated into protein. Knowing this, EXPLAIN how a SINGLE gene can make different proteins in different cells.
Explain why there is redundancy in the genetic code but no ambiguity.
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Chapter 19 Solutions
Principles of Biology
Ch. 19.1 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 19.1 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 19.1 - The phrase an organism evolves is incorrect....Ch. 19.1 - Prob. 1BCCh. 19.2 - Explain how geography played a key role in the...Ch. 19.2 - Prob. 2CCCh. 19.2 - Prob. 3CCCh. 19.2 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 19.2 - Homologous traits show similarities because the...Ch. 19.3 - What is the frequency of pink flowers in a...
Ch. 19.3 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 19.3 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 19.4 - Lets suppose the climate on an island abruptly...Ch. 19.4 - Prob. 2CCCh. 19.4 - Prob. 3CCCh. 19.4 - Prob. 4CCCh. 19.4 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 19.4 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 19.4 - Prob. 3TYKCh. 19.5 - How does the bottleneck effect undermine the...Ch. 19.5 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 19.5 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 19.5 - Prob. 1BCCh. 19.6 - How does migration affect the genetic compositions...Ch. 19.6 - Prob. 1BCCh. 19.6 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 19.6 - Populations that experience inbreeding may also...Ch. 19 - Prob. 1TYCh. 19 - An evolutionary change in which a population of...Ch. 19 - Homology occurs because different species occupy...Ch. 19 - Prob. 4TYCh. 19 - Prob. 5TYCh. 19 - Prob. 6TYCh. 19 - Prob. 7TYCh. 19 - Prob. 8TYCh. 19 - Prob. 9TYCh. 19 - The micro-evolutionary factor most sensitive to...Ch. 19 - Prob. 1CCQCh. 19 - Prob. 2CCQCh. 19 - A principle of biology is that populations of...Ch. 19 - Prob. 1CBQCh. 19 - Prob. 2CBQ
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- The figure shows the position of two of these mutations a and b. The nucleotides are altered in these 2 different swo-1 mutant alleles. Use the genetic table to describe any AA changes.Name the type of mutation and describe its effect on swo-1 mRNA and protein for each of the mutations. 3. The swo-1 a mutation (insertion between C and G). 4. The swo-1 b mutation (C-to-T mutation for indicated C). 5. The swo-1 a mutation leads to worms with more body wall muscle, whereas worms with the swo-1 b mutation are not able to move. Based on these phenotypes and the findings from questions 3 and 4, describe the role thewild-type version of this protein plays in muscle function.arrow_forwardConsider how histone proteins bind to DNA and then explain why a salt solution with a high concentration can remove them from DNA (as shown in Figure 12.21b).arrow_forwardDefine FOUR (4) types of point mutations within coding sequencesarrow_forward
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- 1). In the absence of this enzyme, a substance called ceroid lipofuscin accumulates in lysosomes in the brain, resulting in seizures, blindness, decline in cognitive function and motor skills, dementia, and death by the late teens or early 20’s. The TPP1 gene is 6695 bp in length. Think about the characteristics of Batten disease, and then suggest an approach to gene therapy that might be effective for this specific genetic disorder. You may assume that your research team is working in the U.S. and your research is funded by a grant from the National Institutes of Health (NIH). Please EXCLUDE the use of CRISPR from consideration. A. Will you use germline or somatic cell gene therapy? Please NAME and DEFINE the form of gene therapy selected, then explain WHY this is the most appropriate choice.arrow_forward1). In the absence of this enzyme, a substance called ceroid lipofuscin accumulates in lysosomes in the brain, resulting in seizures, blindness, decline in cognitive function and motor skills, dementia, and death by the late teens or early 20’s. The TPP1 gene is 6695 bp in length. Think about the characteristics of Batten disease, and then suggest an approach to gene therapy that might be effective for this specific genetic disorder. You may assume that your research team is working in the U.S. and your research is funded by a grant from the National Institutes of Health (NIH). a) Hypothetically, what specific type of VECTOR will you use to perform your gene therapy? Please select from the following list of potential vectors: disabled retrovirus, adenovirus, adeno-associated virus (AAV), or herpes simplex virus (HSV), then give two reasons why this specific vector is the most appropriate for your gene therapy. Please explain why you were able to rule out the other potential…arrow_forward1). In the absence of this enzyme, a substance called ceroid lipofuscin accumulates in lysosomes in the brain, resulting in seizures, blindness, decline in cognitive function and motor skills, dementia, and death by the late teens or early 20’s. The TPP1 gene is 6695 bp in length. Think about the characteristics of Batten disease, and then suggest an approach to gene therapy that might be effective for this specific genetic disorder. You may assume that your research team is working in the U.S. and your research is funded by a grant from the National Institutes of Health (NIH). Other scientists have suggested that it might be possible to use CRISPR to treat this genetic disorder in affected individuals. (i) First, what is CRISPR? (BRIEFLY describe what it is and how it works). (ii) Briefly describe how CRISPR could be utilized in treating genetic conditions such as Batten disease.arrow_forward
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