Biology 2e
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781947172517
Author: Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark
Publisher: OpenStax
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Chapter 16, Problem 39CTQ
New drugs are being developed that decrease DNA methylation and prevent the removal of acetyl groups from histone proteins. Explain how these drugs could affect gene expression to help kill tumor cells.
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New drugs are being developed that decrease DNA methylation and prevent the removal of acetyl groups from histone Explain how these drugs could affect gene expression to help kill tumor cells.
New drugs are being developed that decrease DNA methylation and prevent the removal of acetyl groups from histone proteins. Explain how these drugs could affect gene expression to help kill tumor cells.
The p53 gene is a tumor-suppressor gene while Ras is a proto-oncogene. Mutation in either one can result in the transformation of a normal cell into a cancer cell. Explain the difference between the functions of the two proteins and how their mutation can lead to cancer development.
Chapter 16 Solutions
Biology 2e
Ch. 16 - Figure 16.5 In E. coli, the tip operon is on by...Ch. 16 - Figure 16.7 In females, one of the two X...Ch. 16 - Figure 16.13 An increase in phosphorylation levels...Ch. 16 - Control of gene expression in eukaryotic cells...Ch. 16 - Post-translational control refers to: regulation...Ch. 16 - How does the regulation of gene expression support...Ch. 16 - If glucose is absent, but so is lactose, the lac...Ch. 16 - Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus. Therefore, the...Ch. 16 - The a/a operon is an inducible operon that...Ch. 16 - What are epigenetic modifications? the addition of...
Ch. 16 - Which of the following are true of epigenetic...Ch. 16 - The binding of _____ is required for transcription...Ch. 16 - What will result from the binding of a...Ch. 16 - A scientist compares the promoter regions of two...Ch. 16 - Which of the following are involved in post...Ch. 16 - Binding of an RNA binding protein will the...Ch. 16 - An unprocessed pre-mRNA has the following...Ch. 16 - IS. Alternative splicing has been estimated to...Ch. 16 - Post-translational modifications of proteins can...Ch. 16 - A scientist mutates elF-2 to eliminate its GTP...Ch. 16 - Cancer causing genes are called transformation...Ch. 16 - Targeted therapies are used in patients with a set...Ch. 16 - Name two differences between prokaryotic and...Ch. 16 - Describe how controlling gene expression will...Ch. 16 - Describe how transcription in prokaryotic cells...Ch. 16 - What is the difference between a repressible and...Ch. 16 - In cancer cells, alteration to epigenetic...Ch. 16 - A scientific study demonstrated that rat mothering...Ch. 16 - Some autoimmune diseases show a positive...Ch. 16 - A mutation within the promoter region can alter...Ch. 16 - What could happen if a cell had too much of an...Ch. 16 - A scientist identifies a potential transcription...Ch. 16 - Describe how RBPs can prevent miRNAs from...Ch. 16 - How can external stimuli alter...Ch. 16 - Protein modification can alter gene expression in...Ch. 16 - Alternative forms of a protein can be beneficial...Ch. 16 - Changes in epigenetic modifications alter the...Ch. 16 - A scientist discovers a virus encoding a Protein X...Ch. 16 - New drugs are being developed that decrease DNA...Ch. 16 - How can understanding the gene expression pattern...
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- The retinoblastoma tumor suppressor gene Rb (RB1) codes forthe retinoblastoma protein (pRB). pRB prevents the progression of the cell cycle through G1 if DNA has been damaged. Itdoes so in part because it binds a transcription-activatingdimer referred to as E2F-DP. The pRB-E2F/DP complex recruits a histone deacetylase to chromatin. Explain.arrow_forwardWrite the word TRUE if the statement is correct and if false, replace the underlined words with the correct one. 1. Heterochromatin is typically gene-rich and composed of loosely-packed DNA that is transcriptionally active. 2. Molecular switches regulate the expression of genes by directing where and when genes should be turned on or off depending on the cell signal. 3. DNA Methylation and acetylation of histones are inverselycorrelated 4. Specialized cells produce specialized proteins derived from luxury genes which are constitutively expressed. 5. In mammals, methylation patterns that regulate DNA structure and gene expression become evident from the gastrula stage.arrow_forwardCancer is caused by many different types of gene mutations. Some mutations are in proto-oncogenes, which lead to overexpression of the genes, and other mutations are in tumor suppressor genes, which lead to under expression or no expression in these genes. Which kinds of gene mutations would RNA interference (RNAi) be better at treating? Explain.arrow_forward
- The p53 gene is a tumor-suppressor gene while p634 gene is an oncogene. Mutation in either one can result in the transformation of a normal cell into a cancer cell. Explain the difference between the functions of the two proteins and how their mutation can lead to cancer development.arrow_forwardCancer can be defined as an abnormal proliferation of cells that defy the normal regulatory controls observed by normal cells. Recently, histone deacetylation therapies have been attempted in the treatment of certain cancers [reviewed by Delcuve et al. (2009)]. Specifically, the FDA has approved histone deacetylation (HDAC) inhibitors for the treatment of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Explain why histone acetylation might be associated with cancer and what the rationale is for the use of HDAC inhibitors in the treatment of certain forms of cancer.arrow_forwardSeveral research studies are under way that involve the use of genetherapies to inhibit the growth of cancer cells. Oncogenes are mutant genes that are overexpressed and cause cancer. New gene therapies are aimed at silencing oncogenes by producing antisense RNA that recognizes the mRNAtranscribed from oncogenes. Based on your understanding of antisense RNA , explain how this strategy would prevent the growth of cancer cells.arrow_forward
- (b): How many forms can naturally occurring DNA exist in? Explain how these forms are characterized. What properties of the functional groups determine the binding of DNA with anti-cancer agents? Explain.arrow_forwardLoss of p53 function occurs in the majority of human tumors. Name two ways in which loss of p53 function contributes to a malignant phenotype. Explain how benzo(a) pyrene can cause loss of p53 function.arrow_forwardThe p53 gene encodes a tumor-suppressor protein, p53, which acts as a transcription factor for several genes. Discuss an example of a specific gene that is activated by p53 and how this gene activation will lead to a pause in the cell cycle for DNA repair to take place.arrow_forward
- siRNAs are used to “knockdown” gene expression in research. Imagine you are a scientist who hopes to study several genes related to cancer. Select all the scenarios you will be able to successfully use RNA interference with the use of siRNAs (select all that apply): Group of answer choices Regulate transcript levels by targeting the siRNA to core promoter regions (e.g. TATA box) of tumor suppressor genes Regulate transcript levels by targeting the siRNA to the regulatory promoter regions (e.g. enhancers) of tumor suppressor genes Regulate transcript levels by targeting the siRNA to any region of the processed mRNA Regulate transcript levels by targeting the siRNA to the 5’ UTR of the processed mRNA Regulate transcript levels by targeting the siRNA to the 3’ UTR of the processed mRNA Regulate transcript levels by targeting the siRNA to sites where the histone acetyl transferase will acetylate the histones Regulate transcript levels by targeting the siRNA to where the start…arrow_forwardImatinib is an anti-cancer drug that inhibits the function of CD117, a receptor protein coded for by the KIT gene. Mutations in the KIT gene are implicated in gastrointestinal cancers. Aimee, who has a gastrointestinal tumor asked her doctor if she could try Imatinib, but her doctor first required that she get a biopsy of her tumor. Hair loss is a well-known side effect of chemotherapy; why does this side effect occur? (1) Chemotherapy targets cells undergoing division. Hair stem cells are constantly replenishing (growing) just like cancer cells. They are then also targeted by chemotherapy, causing hair loss. (2) Chemotherapy targets all cells, whether dividing or not dividing, and hair cells are collateral in the fight against cancer (3) Chemotherapy targets proteins in our cells and hair cells have an abundance of proteinsarrow_forwardCancer-promoting mutations are likely to have different effects on the activity of proteins encoded byproto-oncogenes than they do on proteins encodedby tumor-suppressor genes. Explain.arrow_forward
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