Biology 2e
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781947172517
Author: Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark
Publisher: OpenStax
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Textbook Question
Chapter 16, Problem 10RQ
What are epigenetic modifications?
- the addition of reversible changes to histone proteins and DNA
- the removal of nucleosomes from the DNA
- the addition of more nucleosomes to the DNA
- mutation of the DNA sequence
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Students have asked these similar questions
Which of the following is true about epigenetic modifications?
-Epigenetic modifications always repress transcription
-Epigenetic modifications are irreversible
-Epigenetic modifications only occur on the tails of histone proteins
-Epigenetic modifications influence the relationship between DNA and
histone proteins
Epigenetic marks regulate gene expression.
Which epigenetic mark is NOT associated with positive gene expression?
Histone acetylation
Histone Methylation
De-methylated DNA
Methylated DNA
Possible genetic modifications that can cause epigenetic changes in gene expression include:
A- all answers are correct
B- histone acetylation
C- chromatin remodeling
D- histone variant localization 
e- DNA methylation
Chapter 16 Solutions
Biology 2e
Ch. 16 - Figure 16.5 In E. coli, the tip operon is on by...Ch. 16 - Figure 16.7 In females, one of the two X...Ch. 16 - Figure 16.13 An increase in phosphorylation levels...Ch. 16 - Control of gene expression in eukaryotic cells...Ch. 16 - Post-translational control refers to: regulation...Ch. 16 - How does the regulation of gene expression support...Ch. 16 - If glucose is absent, but so is lactose, the lac...Ch. 16 - Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus. Therefore, the...Ch. 16 - The a/a operon is an inducible operon that...Ch. 16 - What are epigenetic modifications? the addition of...
Ch. 16 - Which of the following are true of epigenetic...Ch. 16 - The binding of _____ is required for transcription...Ch. 16 - What will result from the binding of a...Ch. 16 - A scientist compares the promoter regions of two...Ch. 16 - Which of the following are involved in post...Ch. 16 - Binding of an RNA binding protein will the...Ch. 16 - An unprocessed pre-mRNA has the following...Ch. 16 - IS. Alternative splicing has been estimated to...Ch. 16 - Post-translational modifications of proteins can...Ch. 16 - A scientist mutates elF-2 to eliminate its GTP...Ch. 16 - Cancer causing genes are called transformation...Ch. 16 - Targeted therapies are used in patients with a set...Ch. 16 - Name two differences between prokaryotic and...Ch. 16 - Describe how controlling gene expression will...Ch. 16 - Describe how transcription in prokaryotic cells...Ch. 16 - What is the difference between a repressible and...Ch. 16 - In cancer cells, alteration to epigenetic...Ch. 16 - A scientific study demonstrated that rat mothering...Ch. 16 - Some autoimmune diseases show a positive...Ch. 16 - A mutation within the promoter region can alter...Ch. 16 - What could happen if a cell had too much of an...Ch. 16 - A scientist identifies a potential transcription...Ch. 16 - Describe how RBPs can prevent miRNAs from...Ch. 16 - How can external stimuli alter...Ch. 16 - Protein modification can alter gene expression in...Ch. 16 - Alternative forms of a protein can be beneficial...Ch. 16 - Changes in epigenetic modifications alter the...Ch. 16 - A scientist discovers a virus encoding a Protein X...Ch. 16 - New drugs are being developed that decrease DNA...Ch. 16 - How can understanding the gene expression pattern...
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- What are the details of the epigenetic processes involved in gene regulation of Histone Modification and DNA methylation? Summarizing these concepts please: All possible enzymes involved ; Reader/writer/eraser designation for the enzyme; Effect on gene expression or consequences; function of the modificationarrow_forwardBase on your knowledge of DNA, chromosomes and epigenetics and upon examining the picture below, name two epigenetic factors and at least one non-epigenetic factor present on this picture. [HINT: which of the factors shown on the picture do you expect to change based on the interactions with an environment and which you expect unchanged?] Methyl Group DNA Chromatin Epigenetic Factor Histone Histone Tails Chromosomearrow_forwardHow do dietary factors interact with DNA methyltransferase to affect an organism's phenotype in an epigenetic manner? Some dietary factors degrade DNA methyltransferase, preventing it from removing methyl groups from sections of DNA, thereby altering gene expression Some dietary factors interact with methyl groups directly preventing DNA methyltransferase from methylating any DNA, changing gene expression in the organism as a result Some dietary factors inhibit DNA methyltransferaseactivity, reducing the methylation of the organism's DNA and changing its gene expression Some dietary factors bind toDNA methyltransferaseand enable it to methylateDNA, thereby changing geneexpression Some dietary factors upregulate DNA methyltransferase activity, increasing the overall methylationof the organism's DNA and changing its gene expressionarrow_forward
- In your own words, explain epigenetics. What is it? What are the main epigenetic marks? What do they do in terms of gene transcription? What are the enzymes involved?arrow_forwardWhy is DNA methylation considered an epigenetic phenomenon?arrow_forwardThe study of Epigenetics includes which of the following? (Choose all that apply) 1.The vertical transmission of histone modifications 2.The vertical transmission of genetic mutations 3.How Histone acetylation affects gene transcription 4.How DNA methylation impacts chromatin structure 5.How genetic mutations impact gene transcription 6.The horizontal transmission of genesarrow_forward
- Hydrogen bonds are important in DNA replication and transcription. They are relatively weak chemical bonds. Why is this a desirable feature for DNA? Describe the effect (s) of changing (mutating) the promoter on the transcription of the DNA strand/gene the promoter controls. What happens to protein synthesis if a nonsense codon is inserted into the gene? Explain why a point mutation does not necessarily change the original amino acid sequence. (Explain silent mutations) Choose any pentapeptide composed of five different amino acids. List the amino acids. Present one messenger RNA codon for each amino acids and the sequence of nucleotides on the DNA that originally coded for your pentapeptide.arrow_forwardHeritable effects of gene expression that are not caused by a change in DNA sequence are called epigenic changes. What causes these changes?arrow_forwardEpigenetic phenomena involve DNA methylation and Oa) gene inversions Ob) chromosomal rearrangements Oc) histone acetylation d) genetic mutationarrow_forward
- The following is true about epigenetic gene control: O epigenetic changes to the chromatin may result from childhood development epigenetic changes to the chromatin may result from chemicals in the environment O epigenetic changes to the chromatin may result in cancer O An example of a chromatin change is DNA methylation that prevents gene expression from that area of the DNAarrow_forwardDefine the epigenetic mechanisms - reversible modification of DNA by the addition or removal of methyl groups ?arrow_forwardHow is an epigenetic change different from a mutation?arrow_forward
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