Which of the following statements is trueabout the well-fed state?O a.Liver glycogen is synthesized from polymerizationof glucose.b. Mobilization of triacylglycerols from adiposeprovides fatty acids to be oxidized and precursorsfor ketone bodies.O C.Insulin decreases.d. Glucagon and epinephrine increase.O e.Synthesis of proteins and fat is inhibited.

The well-fed state is the absorptive state that begins immediately after meal consumption. It is…

Answered: Which of the following statements is…

Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap Course List)

9th Edition

ISBN:9781285866932

Author:Lauralee Sherwood

Publisher:Lauralee Sherwood

Chapter19: The Peripheral Endocrine Glands

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 14RE

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According to glycogen metabolism, which of the following statementsis/are not true? I. Insulin results in dephosphorylation and subsequentactivation ofglycogen synthase. II. cAMP is a second messenger that triggers an increase in glycogensynthesis. III. Release of epinephrine leads to increased glycogen breakdown. IV. Glucagon promotes glycogen breakdown. V. Glucose-6-phosphate is an allosteric inhibitor of.phosphorylase A) I and VB) III and VC) II onlyD) III and IVE) V only
Diabetes mellitus is characterized by insufficiency of thepancreas to produce enough insulin to regulate the blood sugarlevel. In type I diabetes, the pancreas produces no insulin, andthe patient is totally dependent on insulin from an externalsource to be infused at a rate to maintain blood sugar levelsat normal levels. Hyperglycemia occurs when blood glucoselevel rises much higher than the norm (>8 mmol/L) for pro-longed periods of time; hypoglycemia occurs when the blood sugar level falls below values of 3 mmol/L. Both situations canbe deleterious to the individual’s health. The normal range ofblood sugar is between 3.8 and 5.6 mmol/L, the target rangefor a controller regulating blood sugar.A patient with type I diabetes needs your help to maintainher blood sugar within an acceptable range (3 mmol/L<glucose<8 mmol/L). She has just eaten a large meal (a disturbance) that you estimate will release glucose accord-ing toD(t)=0.5e−0.05t,wheretis in minutes andD(t)is inmmol/L –…
The high glucagon/insulin ratio seen in starvation: a. Leads to increased concentrations of ketone bodies in the blood. b. Promotes mobilization of fatty acids from adipose stores. c. All of these answers are correct.
In the regulation of gluconeogenesis during fasting, which of the following decreases? a. Release of fatty acid from adipose tissue b. Fatty acid oxidation in the liver c. Blood glucose levels d. AcetylCoA in the liver
After eating a large meal, which one of the following events would NOT happen? A. Increased glycolysis in liver B. Increased glycogen phosphorylase activity O C. Decreased phosphorylase kinase activity O D. Decreased GSK-3 activity E. Increased insulin levels in blood
Which of the following statements about the integration of fat and carbohydrate metabolism control is correct? a. High insulin/glucagon ratio activates lipolysis in muscle b. High insulin/glucagon ratio inhibits lipogenesis in liver. c. Low insulin/glucagon ratio activates lipolysis in adipocytes. d. Insulin-dependent glucose transporters are recruited to their functional membrane site when insulin levels are low
In the absence of food consumption, the rate of gluconeogenesis (GNG) tends to increase. Explain why this occurs and describe the range of substrates for GNG as fasting continues beyond 18 hours. asap
As a result of complete fasting for 3 days, a significant change in metabolism occurs. How will the level of fatty acids in the blood change? What hormone causes these changes? Justify your answer schematically.
During extended fasting (≥ 4 days), what is/are the purpose(s) of tissue protein breakdown? Circle ALL that apply. a. Dispose of excess nitrogen groups so ammonia doesn't accumulate b. Provide precursors to the Liver, Kidney, Sm. Intestine for gluconeogenesis c. Provide precursors to the liver for ketogenesis d. Provide energy to the skeletal muscles through Amino Acid oxidation e. Provide energy to the liver through Amino Acid oxidation
Fructose and glucose are both monosaccharides, but the body metabolizesthese sugars differently. For example, glucose stimulates insulin releasefrom the pancreas (see section 28.4); fructose does not. Moreover, insulinstimulates leptin release. Finally, fructose is more likely than glucose tobe converted to fat. Use this information to propose an explanation for thecorrelation between the skyrocketing consumption of high fructose cornsyrup since 1970 and the rise in obesity during the same period.
Define the following terms: a. hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketosis b. insulin resistance c. JNK d. PKCθ e. PKCε
Discusskey impairments that are characteristic in the altered glucose metabolism of people with Type 2 Diabetes. (note: you should describe effects in different key organs/tissues involved in glucose metabolism within your answer) As a result of these impairments, describethe expected differences in post-prandial metabolism of a given load of digestible carbohydrates in people with Type 2 Diabetes compared with healthy, non-diabetic individuals.

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