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- One important example of multiple alleles is the human ABO blood type. Explain what “multiple alleles” means.
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- 4:33 4 Alger Edit Today 4:31 PM O LIVE Which of the following statements regarding Mendel's observations and Laws are still true and part of our knowledge of genetics today? (Check all that true.) M Two alleles segregate during meiosis, ending up in different gametes. Each pea plant has 2 alleles for every gene, but only contributes one in each gamete. The recombination of alleles in a zygote is completely random. The Law of Independeht Assortment was determined by following three traits in pea plants, TMendle was able to determine his Law of Segregation by following ane trait in pea plants. Every offspring inherits only 1 allele from each parent.α-thalassemia is another blood disorder in which abnormal hemoglobin molecules are formed, leading to anemia. One mutant allele known to cause α-thalassemia occurs in α-hemoglobin and is called Constant Spring. Normal α-hemoglobin is 141 amino acids long, while the Constant Spring protein is 172 amino acids long. Include answers to both A and B in your response. A maximum of 2 sentences per part. A) Explain how a frameshift mutation in the coding region of α-hemoglobin could result in the Constant Spring protein. B) Explain how a single base-substitution mutation in the coding region of α-hemoglobin could result in the Constant Spring protein.Sickle cell anemia is a disease that is caused by a mutation in the gene that produces hemoglobin. Hemoglobin carries oxygen in red blood cells. The HbA allele produces normal hemoglobin and the HbS allele produces hemoglobin that sticks together and causes red blood cells to sickle. Heterozygous individuals (HbAHbS) produce both normal and "sickle" hemoglobin so the HbA and HbS alleles are codominant. Heterozygotes do not develop sickle cell anemia and are described as having the sickle cell trait. Individuals that are homozygous for the sickle allele (HbSHbS) only produce "sickle" hemoglobin and develop sickle cell disease. A man with the sickle cell trait married a woman with the sickle cell trait. Determine the probability that they will have children with the sickle cell trait or sickle cell disease.Record your answer as a value between 0 and 1 rounded to two decimal places. Answer
- For practice, let's work with blood groups. Three alleles exist for human blood types. They were not numbered, but instead marked with the letters for A, B and O. The labeling convention is : IA, IB, and Ii. IA and IB are codominant alleles, whereas Ii is the recessive allele for type O. Humans are diploid; every individual carries only two alleles. For the following question list all 6 possible Blood group genotypes. The first has been done for you below:Several genes in humans in addition to the ABO gene(I) give rise to recognizable antigens on the surface ofred blood cells. The MN and Rh genes are two examples. The Rh locus can contain either a positive or anegative allele, with positive being dominant to negative. M and N are codominant alleles of the MN gene.The following chart shows several mothers and theirchildren. For each mother-child pair, choose the fatherof the child from among the males in the right column, assuming one child per male.Mother Child Malesa. O M Rh(pos) B MN Rh(neg) O M Rh(neg)b. B MN Rh(neg) O N Rh(neg) A M Rh(pos)c. O M Rh(pos) A M Rh(neg) O MN Rh(pos)d. AB N Rh(neg) B MN Rh(neg) B MN Rh(pos)The A and B alleles are codominant, and the O allele is recessive. An AB blood type mother has children with a B blood type father (genotype BO). What are the chances that their offspring will have AB-type blood? Express in percentage.
- In humans, four different blood types (A, B, AB, and O) are encoded by three alleles 1, 1, and i Individuals with both I and I alleles have blood type AB (red blood cells with both A and B antigens). Two copies of the i allele are required for an individual to have blood type O (red blood cells with no antigens). Which of the following correctly indicates the relationship between the I and / alleles for the blood type gene? Select one: OA. I is dominant to / OB. I is recessive to i OC. I and I are co-dominant OD. I and/exemplify incomplete dominanceA group of people are studiedd with made up blood types AZ blood group which is a blood type controlled by a single gene with two loci. Indivuals in this group may be “D” ( = that their homozygous for the “D” allele) “Z” = homozygous for the “z” allele. *DZ= Heterzygous ** Total Number of people with each type 102 people have D type blood 96 have blood type DZ 31 people in this group have type “Z” QUESTION Now please calculate the allele frequencies of “D”and “Z” In doing so use variable “P”= to represent “D” allele And “q”= to represent “Z” allele Calculate the genotype frequencies expected in the population based of the q and p frequencies you calculate. A)frequency of the “Z” allele in the population ________ B)Frequency of the “D” allele in the populations__________ C)A number of expected individuals with the “DD” genotype in the population? __________ D) NUMBER OF EXPECTED INDIVIDUALS WITH THE “ZZ” GENOTYPE IN THE POPULATION?_______ E) A NUMBER OF EXPECTED…If the blood type of a person is O, does the person possess multiple alleles? Explain.
- Blood types in humans are caused by a combination of two of three possible alleles - IA, IB, and i. The i allele is recessive and individuals homozygous for this allele have blood types O. Blood type A may be due to either homozygous condition or the IA i Blood type AB is caused by having a copy of both the IA and IB alleles. Rh factor is another “marker” on human red blood cells and is either positive (dominant—RR or Rr) or negative (recessive—rr). Franks has blood type A-negative. Frank’s father is B-positive and his mother is AB-positive. Frank marries Susan, a woman that is B-positive. Susan’s mother is A-negative and her father is AB-positive. Give the genotype of all of the individuals mentioned above. b. Give the genotypes and phenotypes of the possible offspring from this marriageSickle cell anemia is a genetic disease most common in those of African ancestry that results from the mutation of a single basepair. This mutation results in a change to the hemoglobin protein. In this experiment, “S” will represent the normal allele and “s” thesickle allele. They are codominant alleles. Therefore, SS is normal, Ss is not fatal but mildly symptomatic, and ss is debilitating,painful, and often fatal. After hundreds or even thousands of generations, both alleles are still common in those of African ancestry. How would you explain this?ABO Blood TypeThe following pedigree shows the incidence of ABO blood types in a family. dentify the genotypes of the following individuals: Individual Genotype II-1 II-2 II-4 II-5 III-2 III-3