e Galapagos islands over four generations. How can you explain this ta using your knowledge of natural selection? Generation 1 Generation 2 Generation 3 Generation 4 3.5 сm 3.5 cm 5.5 cm 7.5 сm
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- The sd gene causes a lethal disease of infancy in humanswhen homozygous. One in 100,000 newborns die eachyear of this disease. The mutation rate from Sd to sd is2 × 10−4. What must the fitness of the heterozygote be toexplain the observed gene frequency in view of the mutation rate? Assign a relative fitness of 1.0 to Sd /Sd homozygotes. Assume that the population is at equilibriumwith respect to the frequency of sd.Suppose a species of bird called the red‑crested warbler has a plumage length that is controlled by a single gene. The P l m allele produces long plumage and is dominant over the p l m short plumage allele. One population exists in North America (NA) and a separate population exists in South America (SA). The trait is in Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium in each population. An island nature preserve brings in 102 NA warblers and 352 SA warblers. Out of the 102 NA birds, 55 have long plumage. Out of the 352 SA warblers, 75 have long plumage. After the birds from the combined populations mate randomly, the island population produces 1000 offspring. Calculate the number of these offspring that are expected to have long plumage. Round the number to two significant figures. number of offspring with long plumage.A different locus codes for drought tolerance in desert tortoises. On average during a drought, genotype AA produces 7 offspring, genotype AB produces 8 offspring, and genotype BB produces 3 offspring. The genotype frequencies in 2019 are 10% AA, 10% AB, and 80% BB. What is the expected equilibrium allele frequency p* after a large number of generations go by during the drought? Assume the tortoise population is also very large.
- Calculate the frequencies of the AA, Aa and aa genotypes after one generation if the initialpopulation consists of 0.2 AA, 0.6 Aa and 0.2 aa genotypes and meets the requirements ofthe Hardy-Weinberg relationship. What genotype frequencies will occur after a secondgeneration?A species of butterfly shows variation in the length of the antennae. You measure antennae in a butterfly population and find the mean to be 15 mm. You calculate a heritability of antennae length to be 1 (h2 = 1). %3D That summer, there is a severe drought. Many of the butterflies die and only a few survive to reproduce. The surviving butterflies have a mean antennae length of 17 mm. a) What is the predicted mean limb-length of the offspring of the surviving butterflies? [ Select ] b) What type of selection was acting on antennae length in these butterflies? [ Select ] c) Five years later, you go back and measure antennae length in this butterfly population again. Every butterfly in the population has antennae measuring 16 mm. What is the heritability of antennae length in this population now? [Select ]Calculate N+1 for this non-continuously reproducing population of weird bugs that live on a planet far far away. Hint: No = 1000. x (days) 0-100 101- 292 293- 320 321- 365 mx 1000 0.0 668 0.3 159 9.3 0 0.0 NOTE: Round to the whole number = For non-overlapping or non-continuously reproducing populations, Ro X and X = N+1/Ne
- Imagine you are studying a population of finches on one of the Galápagos Islands. You have been recording many of the birds’ physical traits, including the length of both wings. You observe that for 80% of individuals measured, the length of the left wing is not significantly different from the length of the right wing (in other words, they are symmetrical). But for about 20% of birds measured, the wing lengths are asymmetrical. This distribution is true from generation to generation. Suddenly, a rare 5-day windstorm takes over the island. After the storm, you spend the next several days netting each bird on the island that survived the storm. You discover that 85% of the birds with symmetrical wings survived the storm, whereas only 5% of the birds with asymmetrical wings did. a. Propose a hypothesis to explain this observation. b. If such storms become increasingly common due to changes in climate, how might you expect the population to change over time with respect to wing symmetry?Using the information on the box provided, which of the following statements is true? First Generation Second Generation Third Generation p=0.2 p=0.2 p=0.4 q=0.8 q=0.8 q=0.6 O The allele frequency in the gene pool of 2nd and 3rd is constant. O The 2nd and 3rd generation is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium O The population in 1st and 2nd generation is evolving. O The 2nd and 3rd generation is an evolving population.Use the equation p2+2pq+q2+1.0 to solve the following problem. In a population of 100 squirrels there are 64 black ones, and the remaining are white. Black (B) is the dominant allele, and the white (b) is the recessive allele. If the population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, what is the frequency of the black squirrels that are heterozygous (BB) for their coat color. A. 0.48 B. 0.16 C.0.40 D. 0.32 E.0.64
- Assuming Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, in a population of white flowers (dominant allele) and red flowers, the white phenotypes make up 84 % of the population. What is the frequency of the white allele? 0.84 0.6 0.4 None of these answers. What characterized the lifestyle of mammals when dinosqurs dominated the vertebrate life on Earth? They were mostly small nocturnal predators. They were mainly large animals, aquatic and nocturnal species. They were mostly small and diurnal animals. None of these answers are true.It is well known among population geneticists that a population bottleneck in the past history of a species be observed in a low effective population size for many future generations. It is known that the human population size crashed to about 10,000 individuals at about 70-100,000 years ago. Do the effective population sizes of the chimpanzee and the gorilla suggest that this event (ash from an eruption in Indonesia) did not cause as significant a bottleneck effect in these primates as it did in humans? Give a reason for your answer.In a natural population of Drosophila melanogaster, thealcohol dehydrogenase gene has two alleles calledF (fast) and S (slow) with frequencies of Adh-F at 0.75and Adh-S at 0.25. In a sample of 480 flies from thispopulation, how many individuals of each genotypicclass would you expect to observe under Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium?