Consider we have two levels of cache, backed by a main memory (RAM). You are given with the following information about the access time for different level in the memory hierarchy L1 cache costs 1 cycle to access and has a miss rate of 8% L2 cache costs additional 5 cycles to access and has a miss rate of 4% RAM costs additional 40 cycles to access (and has a miss rate of 0%) What is the average memory access time (AMAT)?

Q: n paging (given diagram), for CPU request there are two access time one for accessing page table and…

A: paging is the method of retrieving the process from secondary storage into main memory, where as…

Q: Suppose we have a memory and a 2-way set-associative cache with the following characteristics.…

A:

Q: Consider an L1 cache with an access time of 1 ns and a hit ratio of Suppose that we can change the…

A: Given, cache -L1          Access time T1=1ns            Hit ratio H1=0.95   After a change in cache,…

Q: Q1: Suppose you have a two-way set associative cache memory that utilizes blocks of two words. While…

A: Given Data : Main memory size = 128K x 32 Cache size = 2048 words

Q: Question 2: Given that the main memory access time is 1200 ns and cache access time is 100 ns. The…

A:

Q: a cache access requires one clock cycle and dealing with cache misses requires an additional five…

A: The cache memory is a small sized memory which provides fast access to data. The data that is…

Q: In this exercise, we will look at the diff erent ways capacity aff ects overall performance. In…

A: 1) Respective clock rates = 1/L1 hit time a) Clock Rate for P1 Processor = 1/ 0.66 = 1.515 GHz b)…

Q: A cache memory has a line size of eight 64-bit words and a capacity of 4K words. The main memory…

A: A 64-bit word means 8 byte.Line size: 8 words in a line, means 8 x 8 bytes = 64 bytes in a line = 26…

Q: Consider the following scenario for problems 16.2 I) to 16.2 o). A fully associative cache memory is…

A: Total number of address bits required = log (memory size)  = log 256KB = 18 bits   Number of bits…

Q: Explain the Comparison of 3 mapping techniques between main memory to cache memory in the tabular…

A: The 3 mapping Techniques between main memory to cache memory are: Direct mapping Associative…

Q: suppose the data transfer rate between CPU and a memory is 500bps. Also a

A: Given   . Find an average time (TN) to read 50 words of memory. Here we suppose the data transfer…

Q: Consider a main memory with size 128 Mbytes with cache size 64 Kbytes and memory block is 4 bytes.…

A: In this question, we are given main memory size, cache size, block size. We have to split the…

Q: For a system, RAM - 64KB, Block size - 4 bytes, Cache size - 128 bytes, Direct mapped cache.…

A: Given: RAM size = 64 KB Block size = 4 bytes Cache size = 128 bytes

Q: If a microprocessor has L1 and L2 caches. The access time for L1 cache is τ. The miss penalties for…

A: As per guidelines I can answer only first question. I hope you will understand. Thank You. Q3->…

Q: Q1: Suppose you have a two-way set associative cache memory that utilizes blocks of two words. While…

A: The answer is given below...

Q: There is a 128 byte, direct-mapped cache where each cache block contains 8 bytes on a 16bit…

A: Answer:-

Q: Consider the following list of memory address references. These memory accesses are cached in a…

A: a) Address Index Tag Hit/Miss 0x03 3 0 miss 0xb4 4 11 miss 0x2b 11 2 miss 0x02 2 0 miss…

Q: Q.No.8: In paging (given diagram), for CPU request there are two access time one for accessing page…

A: A method of storing that allows the operating system to recover the  processes from the secondary…

Q: Consider a computer with a cache memory of 1024 blocks and a total size of 512K bits. This computer…

A: GIVEN:

Q: Question 1             Consider a memory system that uses a 32-bit address at the byte level, plus…

A:

Q: Let the Cache and main memory divided into equalized partitions having 16 words. If cache has 256…

A: Given that, Number of cache blocks= 256 Number of main memory blocks= 4096 Size of each block=  16…

Q: Suppose that the processor has access to three levels of cache memory. Level 1 has an access time of…

A: Given :   Suppose that the processor has access to three levels of cache memory. Level 1 has an…

Q: In this exercise, we will look at the different ways capacity affects overall performance. In…

A: Respective clock rates = 1/L1 hit time a) Clock Rate for P1 Processor = 1/ 0.66 = 1.515 GHz b) Clock…

Q: Consider a computer with a cache memory of 1024 blocks and a total size of 512K bits. This computer…

A: Provided the solution for all the above given questions with detailed step by step explanation as…

Q: Suppose we have a system with the following properties:The memory is byte addressable.Memory…

A: 1. Cache size = total number of blocks*size of block Block size = 4B Total number of block = 8*4 =…

Q: (10,00 Puanlar) 8- Suppose that the processor has access to three levels of cache memory. Level 1…

A: Answer : Given : Level 1 has access time of 0.01 us.     Level 2 has access time of 0.1 us.…

Q: Consider a direct mapped cache with 8 cache blocks (0-7). If the memory block requests are in the…

A: I have Provided this answer with full description in step-2.

Q: (b) The average CPI for L1, L2 and L3 cache system with no miss is 1.0. L3 has a hit rate of 85%. L1…

A: Given here L1 cache has Miss rate of R% and access takes 1 Cycle and its miss rate is 8 Cycle   L2…

Q: Concerning the memory hierarchy, there is a trade-off among the three key characteristics: capacity,…

A: Q1) Answer: As access time becomes faster, the cost per bit increases. As memory size increases, the…

Q: Assume, paging has been used as memory management technique and the page table is stored in memory…

A: Paging was used as a computer memory method, and it takes 150 nanoseconds to place that page table…

Q: Question 1. Explain the Advantages and disadvantages of 3 mapping techniques between main memory to…

A: To speed up the execution, a small partition of memory (SRAM) is added between the main memory and…

Q: For a processor with a 32-bit address bus and a 64-bit data bus, 32 bytes of "line size" and a total…

A: Total # of cache blocks = cache  size/ cache blocks size = 2MB/32 B = 2^21/2^5 = 2^16 Block offset =…

Q: Consider a main memory with size 512MB with cache size 64KB  and memory block is 4 bytes. Assume…

A: We are given main memory as 512 MB with 64KB cache. And block offset is 4 bytes. We are going to…

Q: Consider a two level cache system. For 100 memory references, 20 misses in the first lyel cache and…

A: Introduction : given ,  2 level cache system. Total memory reference = 100. 20 miss in level 1. 6…

Q: Consider a computer with the following characteristics: total of IMbyte of main memory, Content of…

A: Given: Main memory size is 1 MB. Word size is 1 Byte. Block size is 16 bytes Cache size is 64 Kbytes…

Q: Question 4 i. Consider an L1 cache with an access time of 1 ns and a hit ratio of Suppose that we…

A: The answer is given in step 2.

Q: Consider a system with 4GB of memory address space. Assuming a write-back policy and block size of…

A: Memory size = 32 bits.  A.  Total # of cache blocks = 2K So index bits = 11 bits Offset bits = 5…

Q: In paging (given diagram), for CPU request there are two access time one for accessing page table…

A: Actually, given information: In paging (given diagram), for CPU request there are two access time…

Q: Consider a 64K L2 memory and a 4K L1 2-way associative cache with block sizes of 512. a. How many…

A: Given, size of L2 = 64K and size of L1 = 4K associativity = 4 - way and , block size = 512

Q: Q1: Suppose you have a two-way set associative cache memory that utilizes blocks of two words. While…

A: Answer of part (A) and part (B) is given below

Q: Given 256 GB of physical memory, a 2-way set associative cache that is 128 KB in size with a block…

A: Ans.1:  16 bytesEach block has 16 bytes. Calculate the number of bits in the TAG, SET, and OFFSET…

Q: This problem concerns the cache in Attached problem A. List all of the hex memory addresses that…

A: Address : 0x071A Total # of set = 8 So index bits = 3 bits Block size = 4 bytes So block offset = 2…

Q: If a processor has a CPI of 2 without any memory stalls, and the miss penalty is 100 cycles for all…

A: solution :

Q: Below is a list of 32-bit memory address references, given as word addresses. 2, 3, 11, 16, 21, 13,…

A: In this question, we are given few word addreses and a fully associtave cache with one word blocks…

Q: ngle level of cache, define Tc= first-level cache access time; Tm = memory access time;H=…

A: For a system with single level of cache, define Tc= first-level cache access time; Tm = memory…

Q: i. Consider the free memory layout shown below (the blocks are ordered from top to bottom). Draw to…

A:

Q: Consider the following system: CPU base CPI = 2, clock rate = 2GHZ Miss rate/instruction = 3%, Main…

A: Here we find effective CPI for given question : Answer 1) Answer :3.5

Q: Question i need help solving: Give the position (or set) in the cache that would be checked on each…

A: a)Assuming a direct-mapped cache with 16 one-word blocks that is initially empty, label each…

Q: exercise, we will look ways capacity affects overall performance. In general, cache access time is…

A:

Fundamentals of memory

A collection of connected storage devices form the memory unit. It is a space to store data and instructions required for processing. Information is stored in a memory unit in the form of bits. There are two types of memory namely: