4. What feature distinguishes between rod and cone photoreceptor responses in the retina? A. Convergent circuitry enhances the sensitivity of input from rod photoreceptors. B. Rod photoreceptors are highly sensitive, as they can respond to only 1 photon of light. C. All of the answers. D. One-to-one connections with bipolar and retinal ganglion cells underlies the high-resolution input from cone photoreceptors. E. None of the answers.

4. What feature distinguishes between rod and cone photoreceptor responses in the retina? A. Convergent circuitry enhances the sensitivity of input from rod photoreceptors. B. Rod photoreceptors are highly sensitive, as they can respond to only 1 photon of light. C. All of the answers. D. One-to-one connections with bipolar and retinal ganglion cells underlies the high-resolution input from cone photoreceptors. E. None of the answers.

Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)

4th Edition

ISBN:9781305389892

Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Publisher:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Chapter41: Sensory Systems

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 8TYK

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For vertebrate photoreception, define: (a) photopigment; (b) photoreceptor; and (c) receptive field.
Please ASAP. Thank you. Imagine yourself locked in a room without any light source for 30 minutes. Then let’s imagine that someone shines a red light in the corner of the room. One should expect that the rod cells in your retina will: a. Be more sensitive to the red light after the 30 minutes of darkness as compared to earlier b. Be less sensitive to the red light after the 30 minutes of darkness as compared to earlier c. Be equally sensitive to the red light as before the 30 minutes of darkness d. Rod cells do not respond to red light
Which one of the following statements about photoreception is true? a. Light detection is initiated by the absorbance of light (a photon) by a photopigment molecule. b. Light detection is synonomous with vision. c. Light detection is always initiated in a rod photoreceptor located in the retina. d. Only light in the visible range (between 400 and 700 nm wavelength) can be detected by animals. e. None of the above answer choices (neither A, nor B, nor C, nor D) is true.
Colour blindness can result from the loss of specific types of cones, or it can occur in individuals having fewer cones of a given type. An individual has 50% less than the normal number of green cone photoreceptors in his or her retina. How would this affect his or her vision? a. This person has night blindness. He or she should start to eat more carrots to replenish the stock of retinal molecules in the retina. b. This person will have difficulty adapting to varying light levels. His or her cone receptors take much longer to adapt in a brightly lit area. c. This person does not have a colour blindness because no green cone photoreceptors are in the retina; only red, yellow, and blue photoreceptors exist. d. This person has a mild green colour blindness. He or she cannot see green colours very clearly and has difficulty distinguishing colours involving green hues.
Please ASAP Thank you. 1. What is the basis for human color vision? a. Different spectral sensitivity of the three different kinds of retinal cones b. Different spectral sensitivity of rods c. Spectral filters in the eye that separate light into its spectral components before it reaches the retina d. Processing that occurs in the neural circuits in the retina 2. Imagine yourself locked in a room without any light source for 30 minutes. Then let’s imagine that someone shines a red light in the corner of the room. One should expect that the rod cells in your retina will: a. Be more sensitive to the red light after the 30 minutes of darkness as compared to earlier b. Be less sensitive to the red light after the 30 minutes of darkness as compared to earlier c. Be equally sensitive to the red light as before the 30 minutes of darkness e. Rod cells do not respond to red light
Which of the following statements about the contributions of rods and cones to vision is TRUE? A. The three types of cones (long, medium, short) are represented at roughly equal numbers B. Rods respond to light at ultra-violet wavelengths (>600nm) C. The relative density of cones is roughly even throughout the retina D. The greater sensitivity of rods in low light is explained by their larger number E. Several rods converge on a single bipolar cell
Choose the structure that corresponds to each statement. a. bipolar cell layer e. macula lutea b. central fovea f. optic disc c. cones g. photoreceptor layer d. ganglion cell layer h. rods 1. has the highest density of cones in the retina 2. axons form optic nerve 3. does not contain photoreceptors; blind spot 4. photoreceptor that allows us to see color 5. contains rods and cones 6. the center of the neural portion of the retina 7. photoreceptor used in night vision 8. rods and cones synapse on these cells
Why is a retinal defect, such as retinitis pigmentosa, which causes tunnel vision, associated with night blindness? a. Tunnel vision and night blindness are unrelated conditions. b. The high density of rod photoreceptors in the fovea are unaffected in each condition. c. The highest resolution cone photoreceptors are found exclusively in the outer regions of the retina. d. The color-detecting cone photoreceptors have the greatest density in the outer regions of the retina. e. The highly-sensitive rod photoreceptors are located in the outer regions of the retina.
Which of the following descriptions of photoreceptors in the eye is NOT correct? a. Cones are concentrated in the fovea of the retina and function to detect colours. b. Rods are concentrated at the periphery and function well in dim light. c. Rods are concentrated in the fovea of the retina and function well in dim light. d. Rods are sensitive to light and register black and white. Cones detect colours.
Each of the following statements is false. Correct each statement to make it true. a. Activation of rhodopsin depolarizes photoreceptors. b. Activated rhodopsin activates transducin which deactivates cGMP phosphodiesterase. c. Cyclic GMP binds sodium channels, keeping them open, leading to the depolarization of photoreceptor in light.
When light hits the center of an ON-center receptive field, which of the following processes occur: a. Photoreceptors release more glutamate; bipolar cells release more glutamate; retinal ganglion cells decrease rate of APs. b. Photoreceptors release less glutamate; bipolar cells release less glutamate; retinal ganglion cells decrease rate of APs. c. Photoreceptors release less glutamate; bipolar cells release more glutamate; retinal ganglion cells increase rate of APs. d. Photoreceptors release more glutamate; bipolar cells release more glutamate; ganglion cells increase rate of APs.
Which of the following statements is correct A. The innermost layer of the retina contains mainly photoreceptors B. The axons that form the optic nerve emerge only from ganglion cells. C. Several types of ganglion cells spike whereas the others do not. D. Two of the statements are correct. E. All three statements are correct.