1. You are recording from four separate ganglion cells, whose receptive fields are represented inthe image below. All of these ganglion cells are center-on cells.Note: in this image, grey represents light (sorry, it's a little confusing, but it's hard to representlight in a black and white static image!).ABD(a) (1 point) What are the first order cells that make up each receptive field?(b)(1 point) What is the response of the first-order cells in the center of cell A when lightshines on that area?(c) (1 point) Is the response you described in (b) different for the first-order cells that makeup the surround of cell A when light is shining on them?(d) (3 points) Describe what accounts for the difference in the response of ganglion cells Band C. Be specific and be sure to include the role of all relevant interneurons.

The receptive field of the ganglion cells or the optic nerve fibers are made up of many rods and…

Answered: 1. You are recording from four separate…

Biology 2e

2nd Edition

ISBN:9781947172517

Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark

Publisher:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark

Chapter36: Sensory Systems

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 21RQ: Why is it easier to see images at night using peripheral, rather than the central, vision? Cones are...

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Similar questions

In Hermann-Hering grid, there appears to be phantom dots in the intersections (picture below). Considering only our ON-center retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), (a) rank the action potential firing rates of RGC1 and RGC2 in the 2nd picture. (b) How does this result explain why we see phantom dots in the intersections? Hermann-Hering grid O RGC2 RGC1
Your friend is wearing a white and magenta horizontal striped shirt, like the attached picture, but more…magenta. Magenta is a secondary color that is a combination of equal amounts of red and blue light. 1. Describe or draw the receptive fields of retinal ganglion cells and V1 simple cells that let you determine where the stripes are on the torso of the shirt. Will the same cells respond to the stripes on the sleeves? Why or why not? 2. Explain how V2 interprets the stripes as “magenta” using the responses of LGN single opponent cells and V1 double opponent cells (pro tip: think about the responses in terms of spikes).
a) Based upon how the neural membrane functions, briefly explain how electrical stimulation can cause a neuron to generate an action potential. Describe in one sentence a type of action potential that can be generated by electrical stimulation, but that cannot be generated by synaptic inputs. b) The central part of the retina consists largely of cones, which are responsible for colour vision in normal sight. However, presently available retinal prostheses are not able to reliably provide a perception of colour for people implanted with these devices. Explain why people with a retinal prosthesis are currently unable to reliably perceive colour.
Based on the same attached figure as above (Figure 10.9 in your textbook), what kind of channel permits K+ to pass through the apical-end membrane in hair cells of the ear? (A) Spiral ganglion Tectorial membrane Scala vestibuli Inner hair cells -45 mV Scala tympani Outer hair cells Scala media Organ of Corti Perilymph Low K+ 0mV Endolymph High K+ +80 mV (B) Stria vascularis Basilar membrane Ca²+ Afferent. nerve Depolarization O Nucleus wwww. 00 -Depolarization. Vesicles -Transmitter To brain C₂24
The human retina has three types of receptor cones, eachsensitive to a different range of wavelengths of visible light,as shown in this figure (the colors are merely to differentiatethe three curves from one another; they do not indicate theactual colors represented by each curve):(a) Estimate the energies of photons with wavelengths at themaximum for each type of cone. (b) The color of the sky is dueto scattering of solar light by the molecules of the atmosphere.Lord Rayleigh was one of the first to study scattering of thiskind. He showed that the amount of scattering for very smallparticles such as molecules is inversely proportional to thefourth power of the wavelength. Estimate the ratio of the scatteringefficiency of light at the wavelength of the maximumfor the “blue” cones, as compared with that for the “green”cones. (c) Explain why the sky appears blue even though allwavelengths of solar light are scattered by the atmosphere
What are the receptor cells in the eye that are most sensitive to light and that give an image in black / white (grayscale)?
Explain in detail each and every"Rhodopsin-retinal visual cycle in Rods". (Note: Sir please make sure that you explain each step by giving a heading to each step so that I can easily understand it.)
nonM-nonP type (K-type) retinal ganglion cells typically have: large receptive fields and motion sensitivity small receptive fields and color-opponency small receptive fields and motion sensitivity small receptive field without color-opponency
A scientist has dissected out a small section of the retina and is able to directly record the action potential firing rate in a single ganglion cell. Assume there is a on-center off-surround bipolar cell connected to an on-center off-surround ganglion cell. When applying ‘Stimulus 1’ the scientist records a moderate action potential rate. When applying ‘Stimulus 2’ the rate of action potentials increases substantially. In the context of this experiment no illumination is an option as a 'Stimulus'. ‘Stimulus 2’ would result in what response in the bipolar cell (the one connected to the ganglion cell the scientist is measuring)? A. A large depolarization of the bipolar cell membrane B. The bipolar cell membrane would remain at the resting membrane potential C. A large hyperpolarization of the bipolar cell membrane D. A small hyperpolarization of the bipolar cell membrane E. A small depolarization of the bipolar cell membrane
When light strikes a photoreceptor, it reduces the amount of glutamate that it releases. This releases ___ cells from inhibition, allowing them to release more neurotransmitters and excite ___ cells. This produces action potentials that travel down the optic nerve. A) horizontal; amacrine B) amacrine; horizontal C) ganglion; bipolar D) bipolar; ganglion
for the rotational movement, do you mean that when I tilt my head to the right, the hair cells in my right cupula will be depolarized, and the hair cells on my left cupula will be hyperpolarized? I understand the concept that when stereocilia beats toward the kinocilia, the tiplings will open and cause K and Ca to enter the cell. But I'm so confused on how to know what movements exactly make the stereocilia beat toward the kinocilia and not against it?
Retinal is therefore a key player that triggers a series of activation in phototransduction (see figure below). Phototransduction in photoreceptor cells Disc membrane 1000000000…………………………. Disc lumen Light Rhodopsin GDP Transducin Photoreceptor cytosol GTP GTP GTP PDE CGMP CGMP inhibition CGMP GMP PDE6i GMP GMP Extracellular environment Plasma membrane 1. Light hits the retinal molecule and changes into an all-trans configuration 2. This change in the retinal conformation activates the rhodopsin photoreceptor 3. The rhodopsin photoreceptor then activates a specific heterotrimeric G protein called transducin. 4. The transducin then activates a downstream protein called PDE. Both PDE and the transducin G protein are attached to the plasma membrane by a lipid anchor. This makes them close to each other and facilitates the activation of PDE by the transducin G protein. The activity of the protein PDE can itself be regulated. It can for example be inhibited by a drug called PDE6i. 7. What…

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