Chapter 8, Problem 8.60QE

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether $\text{K}$ or $\text{I}$ has the higher ionization energy has to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

The energy that is needed to remove an electron from the isolated, neutral gaseous atom is known as ionization energy. It is represented by $I$. The energy required to remove the first electron from the neutral atom is called the first ionization energy, denoted by $I_1$. The energy required to remove the second electron from the monovalent anion is called the second ionization energy, denoted by $I_2$ and so on. Energy is always supplied to the atom so as to remove an electron from it so ionization energies have positive values.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether $\text{Al}$ or ${\text{Al}}^{+}$ has the higher ionization energy has to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether ${\text{Cl}}^{-}$ or $\text{Ar}$ has the higher ionization energy has to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).